Photographs and descriptions are provided of 19 early European wind, string, and keyboard instruments. (SJL)

Written by the director of the Laboratory for the History of Education under the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences in Moscow, this article documents the status of historical research on schooling in medieval Russia. (JDH)

Presents activity ideas for using the 11th century Bayeux tapestry in middle and senior high schools. Suggestions for obtaining a reproduction of the tapestry and integrating writing activities are included. (JDH)

The evolution of diplomatic practices during the early Middle Ages is discussed. Research suggests that some techniques and methods began much earlier than most historians have assumed. Diplomatic efforts of Otto the Great, king of Germany, 936-973, and Holy Roman Emperor, 962-973, were studied. (RM)

Relates the history of ideas to the history of education during the middle ages. Topics discussed include cultural life, economic factors, the political economy of medieval education, and the difficulty of writing about educational trends during a time for which there are few authoritative sources. (DB)

Argues that Thomas Sampson, author of the 1396 "Modus Dictandi," deserves attention because of his work as a teacher. Explains that Sampson was a practitioner and instructor of the art of letter writing. Contends that Sampson's work is a discursive artifact yielding multiple insights into the origins of business communication as taught…

A study of 13th-century industrial regulations in Paris shows how medieval apprenticeships in the textile industry functioned. The investigation interprets wool industry apprenticeship in the context of the production system and the social environment. (SK)

Focusing on the medieval university during its formative years (late 1100s and early 1200s), the author addresses questions such as "How did the ambitions of students and masters influence the organization and curriculum of these new institutions?" Concludes that society was served by these universities despite the indication that the…

Discusses the development of doctoral programs in nursing education in the Middle Ages to the present. (JOW)

A social constructivist approach is used to study apprenticeship in the textile industry in medieval Paris. Issues of inertia, the dynamics of change, diversity, access to corporations, and the effect of social interactions and conflict on solving problems are examined. (SK)

Describes problems faced by late medieval libraries during period of transition from the manuscript to the printed book. A translation of a manual created for a Swiss monastery circa 1520 provides information on librarian's duties, arrangement of the library, procedures for inventorying and cataloging, circulation, and public services. (31…

Describes the Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Guibbio, Italy. Discusses how the room's design and decoration mirrors its educational uses. Notes that the object of education was to provide the young person with a kind of mental library of materials that could be drawn upon quickly. (RS)

The medieval study of classical rhetoric reached its zenith in the twelfth century. Rhetoric in its medieval phase can be divided into four distinct subdisciplines: "ars praedicandi," or the preaching art; "ars dictaminis," or the art of letter writing; "ars poetriae," which focused on style and developed elaborate theories of versification; and…

Notes recent trends toward greater treatment of Asia, Africa, and Latin America in world history courses and the related tendency to decrease treatment of women and social history. Describes how history instructors at Tufts University coped with this problem by using a thematic approach. Illustrates this approach using the example of two medieval…

Contends that the belief in saints did not emerge spontaneously. Traces a consistent ecclesiastical propaganda campaign aimed at communicating the character, powers, and importance of saints. Calls this the oldest, most enduring, effective propaganda campaign in the Western world prior to the invention of the press. (PD)