The purpose of the present experiment was to study storage properties of dual codes for pictures and words by manipulating instructions and to study retrieval properties by manipulating the representational form of the test items. (Author)

This research tested Paivio's (1971) proposal that pictorial and verbal memory codes interact with space and time. This "interaction hypothesis" states that pictorial memory codes are specialized for spatial structures and verbal memory codes are specialized for temporal structures. Tests this hypothesis by exploring several variations…

A model was developed to account for similarities and differences between picture and word processing in a variety of semantic and episodic memory tasks. The model contains three levels of processing: low-level processing of the physical characteristics of externally presented pictures and words; an intermediate level where the low-level processor…

The purpose of this experiment was to test a proposal by Paivio (1971) that visual memory images are specialized for parallel or spatiol processing, whereas verbal memory codes are specialized for sequential or temporal processing. (Author)

This paper examined conceptual versus perceptual priming in identification of incomplete pictures by using a short-term priming paradigm, in which information that may be useful in identifying a fragmented target is presented just prior to the target's presentation. The target was a picture that slowly and continuously became complete and the…