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Brod, Garvin; Shing, Yee Lee – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2022
Humans accumulate knowledge throughout their entire lives. In what ways does this accumulation of knowledge influence learning of new information? Are there age-related differences in the way prior knowledge is leveraged for remembering new information? We review studies that have investigated these questions, focusing on those that have used the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Prior Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory
Lindsay Everaert; Elke Emmers; Ruth Stevens; Anouk Agten; Wim Tops – European Journal of Special Needs Education, 2025
School-going individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face challenges in educational settings, including reduced academic performance, motor- and social skills. Embodied cognition (EC), which emphasises the significant role of the body in human cognition, encompasses aspects such as motor control, non-verbal communication, and memory.…
Descriptors: Human Body, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Schemata (Cognition), Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kim, Eun Joo; Pellman, Blake; Kim, Jeansok J. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Uncontrollable stress has been recognized to influence the hippocampus at various levels of analysis. Behaviorally, human and animal studies have found that stress generally impairs various hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Neurally, animal studies have revealed that stress alters ensuing synaptic plasticity and firing properties of hippocampal…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Memory
Spiegel, Amy M.; Sewal, Angila S.; Rapp, Peter R. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure provide a mechanistic interface for gene-environment interactions that impact the individualization of health trajectories across the lifespan. A growing body of research indicates that dysfunctional epigenetic regulation contributes to poor cognitive outcomes among aged populations. Here we review…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Genetics, Environmental Influences, Interaction
Winters, Boyer D.; Saksida, Lisa M.; Bussey, Timothy J. – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Damage to structures in the human medial temporal lobe causes severe memory impairment. Animal object recognition tests gained prominence from attempts to model "global" human medial temporal lobe amnesia, such as that observed in patient HM. These tasks, such as delayed nonmatching-to-sample and spontaneous object recognition, for assessing…
Descriptors: Animals, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Neurological Impairments
Diana, Rachel A.; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Ranganath, Charan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
Performance on tests of source memory is typically based on recollection of contextual information associated with an item. However, recent neuroimaging results have suggested that the perirhinal cortex, a region thought to support familiarity-based item recognition, may support source attributions if source information is encoded as a feature of…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Memory, Neurological Organization, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Mitchell, Karen J.; Johnson, Marcia K. – Psychological Bulletin, 2009
Focusing primarily on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this article reviews evidence regarding the roles of subregions of the medial temporal lobes, prefrontal cortex, posterior representational areas, and parietal cortex in source memory. In addition to evidence from standard episodic memory tasks assessing accuracy for neutral…
Descriptors: Semantics, Schizophrenia, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Prior Learning
Lupien, S. J.; Maheu, F.; Tu, M.; Fiocco, A.; Schramek, T. E. – Brain and Cognition, 2007
In this review, we report on studies that have assessed the effects of exogenous and endogenous increases in stress hormones on human cognitive performance. We first describe the history of the studies on the effects of using exogenous stress hormones such as glucocorticoids as anti-inflammatory medications on human cognition and mental health.…
Descriptors: Psychosis, Mental Health, Older Adults, Memory

Wilsher, Colin R. – Annals of Dyslexia, 1986
Studies with Nootropic psychoactive drugs (such as Piracetam) suggest that Piracetam lacks significant side effects; promotes memory and learning; and improves the reading ability of dyslexics, possibly by directly affecting the left-brain hemisphere. Results are contrasted with studies showing the lack of effectiveness of intensive teaching.…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Drug Therapy, Dyslexia, Learning Processes

Munsell, Paul E.; And Others – Language Learning, 1988
Discusses the most significant findings of recent research and scholarship on the nature of the brain and its relevance to the teaching and learning of human languages. Topics covered include: (1) whether the brain is highly integrated or componential; (2) differences between conscious and unconscious processes; (3) hemispheric specialization; (4)…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Language Acquisition, Language Processing, Language Research
Lusebrink, Vija B. – Art Therapy Journal of the American Art Therapy Assoc, 2004
The application of new techniques in brain imaging has expanded the understanding of the different functions and structures of the brain involved in information processing. This paper presents the main areas and functions activated in emotional states, the formation of memories, and the processing of motor, visual, and somatosensory information.…
Descriptors: Art Therapy, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Neuropsychology
Tzeng, Ovid J. L. – 1994
Recent research on Chinese orthography is reviewed in a discussion of the relationship between orthographic symbols and reading processes. Specifically, these issues are addressed with relation to research findings: the difficulty of learning Chinese logographs, particularly with regard to learning disabilities and biliteracy; whether reading in…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Chinese, Foreign Countries, Language Processing
Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, Washington, DC. – 1991
The brain is the seat of intelligence, the interpreter of senses, and the controller of movement. Research efforts on the brain have increased dramatically in the past 10 years; some of the more promising areas of brain and behavioral sciences research are reported here. The research was performed by 22 separate Federal member organizations and…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Behavior, Brain, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Meyer, Katrina A. – Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2003
This article presents information drawn from research on brain processes that impact perception, memory, learning, and understandings about the world. This information is related to the use of interactive video and the Web in distance education through a discussion of how best to enhance learning--or mitigate problems caused--through the use of…
Descriptors: Brain, Research, Perception, Memory
Johansson, Barbro B. – Annals of Dyslexia, 2006
Current neuroimaging and neurophysiologic techniques have substantially increased our possibilities to study processes related to various language functions in the intact human brain. Learning to read and write influences the functional organization of the brain. What is universal and what is specific in the languages of the world are important…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Memory, Linguistics, Cultural Influences