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Direct linkMegan H. Papesh; Daniella K. Cash; Juan D. Guevara Pinto; Sofia V. Lomba – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Searching for missing or wanted people is a crucial task in our society. Previous work on prospective person memory (PPM) has demonstrated that performance on this type of search task is worse relative to standard prospective memory tasks. Importantly, this process may be further affected by the race of the missing person, yet this has never been…
Descriptors: Racism, Memory, Race, Recognition (Psychology)
Benjamin M. Rottman; Yiwen Zhang – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Being able to notice that a cause-effect relation is getting stronger or weaker is important for adapting to one's environment and deciding how to use the cause in the future. We conducted an experiment in which participants learned about a cause-effect relation that either got stronger or weaker over time. The experiment was conducted with a…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Memory, Learning Processes, Time
Fabian Hutmacher; Beate Conrad; Markus Appel; Stephan Schwan – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Autobiographical remembering may undergo significant transformations in the digital age, in which the omnipresence of digital tools has led to an increased density of recorded life episodes. To gain deeper insights into these processes, we conducted an experimental think-aloud study in which participants (N = 41) had to remember an important day…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Memory, Information Technology, Autobiographies
Naroa Martínez; Itxaso Barberia; Javier Rodríguez-Ferreiro – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Among cognitive factors that can influence the endorsement of pseudoscientific beliefs, our study focuses on proneness to false memory generation. In this preregistered study, we presented 170 fluent English speakers residing in the USA with a misinformation task aimed at generating false memories. In this task, they first completed an event…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Memory, Misinformation, Correlation
Nicola Vasta; Margherita Andrao; Barbara Treccani; Denis Isaia; Claudio Mulatti – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Advances in technology have enabled museum curators to employ equipment that can measure visitors' physiological responses, offering a means to monitor these responses, while, at the same time, potentially engaging visitors. However, it is unclear whether these devices genuinely promote a positive experience or, conversely, are perceived as…
Descriptors: Memory, Museums, Psychological Patterns, Metabolism
McKinley, Geoffrey L.; Peterson, Daniel J. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
When selecting fillers to include in a police lineup, one must consider the level of similarity between the suspect and potential fillers. In order to reduce misidentifications, an innocent suspect should not stand out. Therefore, it is important that the fillers share some degree of similarity. Importantly, increasing suspect-filler similarity…
Descriptors: Identification, Accuracy, Crime, Recognition (Psychology)
Baldassari, Mario J.; Moore, Kara N.; Hyman, Ira E., Jr.; Hope, Lorraine; Mah, Eric Y.; Lindsay, D. Stephen; Mansour, Jamal; Saraiva, Renan; Horry, Ruth; Rath, Hannah; Kelly, Lauren; Jones, Rosie; Vale, Shannan; Lawson, Bethany; Pedretti, Josh; Palma, Tomás A.; Cruz, Francisco; Quarenta, Joana; Van der Cruyssen, Ine; Mileva, Mila; Allen, Jessica; Jeye, Brittany; Wiechert, Sara – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants…
Descriptors: Memory, Audiences, Attention, Observation
Moore, Kara N.; Lampinen, James Michael; Adams, Eryn J.; Nesmith, Blake L.; Burch, Presley – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
We examined how prior experience encountering targets affected attention allocation and event-based prospective memory. Participants performed four color match task blocks with a difficult, but specified prospective memory task (Experiment 1) or an easier, but unspecified prospective memory task (Experiment 2). Participants were instructed to…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Memory, Prior Learning, Experience
Tal Nahari; Eran Eldar; Yoni Pertzov – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Eye Movements, Biofeedback, Memory
Davis, Sara D.; Peterson, Daniel J. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
There is an increasing need in eyewitness identification research to identify factors that not only influence identification accuracy but may also impact the confidence--accuracy (CA) relationship. One such variable that has a notable impact on memory for faces is viewing distance, with faces encoded from a shorter distance remembered better than…
Descriptors: Identification, Ambiguity (Context), Accuracy, Geographic Location
Emma Smillie; Natalie Mestry; Dan Clark; Neil Harrison; Nick Donnelly – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Two experiments explored the search for pairs of faces in a disjunctive dual-target face search (DDTFS) task for unfamiliar face targets. The distinctiveness of the target was manipulated such that both faces were typical or distinctive or contained one typical and one distinctive target. Targets were searched for in arrays of eight faces. In…
Descriptors: Human Body, Recognition (Psychology), Role Theory, Individual Characteristics
Bertram Opitz; Veit Kubik – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Benefits of self-testing for learning have been consistently shown for simple materials such as word lists learned by rote memorization. Considerably less evidence for such benefits exists for complex, more educationally relevant materials and its application to new situations. The present study explores the mechanisms underlying this transfer. To…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Artificial Languages, Grammar, Memorization
Swan, Garrett; Xu, Jing; Baliutaviciute, Vilte; Bowers, Alex – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Individuals with homonymous visual field loss (HVFL) fail to perceive visual information that falls within the blind portions of their visual field. This places additional burden on memory to represent information in their blind visual field, which may make visual changes in the scene more difficult to detect. Failing to detect changes could have…
Descriptors: Visual Impairments, Simulation, Visual Perception, Change
Paige L. Kemp; Vanessa M. Loaiza; Colleen M. Kelley; Christopher N. Wahlheim – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
The efficacy of fake news corrections in improving memory and belief accuracy may depend on how often adults see false information before it is corrected. Two experiments tested the competing predictions that repeating fake news before corrections will either impair or improve memory and belief accuracy. These experiments also examined whether…
Descriptors: Young Adults, Older Adults, Beliefs, Misinformation
Martini, Markus; Wasmeier, Jessica R.; Talamini, Francesca; Huber, Stefan E.; Sachse, Pierre – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Wakeful resting and listening to music are powerful means to modulate memory. How these activities affect memory when directly compared has not been tested so far. In two experiments, participants encoded and immediately recalled two word lists followed by either 6 min wakefully resting or 6 min listening to music. The results of Experiment 1 show…
Descriptors: Music, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology)
