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Two Thirds of the Age-Based Changes in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence, Perceptual Speed, and Memory in Adulthood Are Shared
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Ghisletta, Paolo; Rabbitt, Patrick; Lunn, Mary; Lindenberger, Ulman – Intelligence, 2012
Many aspects of cognition decline from middle to late adulthood, but the dimensionality and generality of this decline have rarely been examined. We analyzed 20-year longitudinal data of 6203 middle-aged to very old adults from Greater Manchester and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Participants were assessed up to eight times on 20 tasks of fluid…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Individual Differences, Memory, Foreign Countries
Sex Differences in Mental Abilities: "g" Masks the Dimensions on Which They Lie
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Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr. – Intelligence, 2007
Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal-Perceptual-Rotation (VPR)…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Ability, Visual Perception, Verbal Ability
The Prediction, from Infancy, of Adult IQ and Achievement
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Fagan, Joseph F.; Holland, Cynthia R.; Wheeler, Karyn – Intelligence, 2007
Young adults, originally tested as infants for their ability to process information as measured by selective attention to novelty (an operational definition of visual recognition memory), were revisited. A current estimate of IQ was obtained as well as a measure of academic achievement. Information processing ability at 6-12 months was predictive…
Descriptors: Prediction, Infants, Young Adults, Intelligence Quotient
Intelligence and the Effects of Perceptual Processing Demands, Task Difficulty, and Processing Speed on P300, Reaction Time and Movement Time.
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Houlihan, Michael; Stelmack, Robert; Campbell, Kenneth – Intelligence, 1998
The latency and amplitude of the P300, an event-related potential, during the performance of a memory-scanning task were used as indices of the efficiency of information processing that may mediate individual differences in intelligence. Results with 61 female college students contradict a pure speed of processing explanation of the relationship…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Difficulty Level, Females
Spatial Abilities and Individual Differences in Visual Information Processing.
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Juhel, Jacques – Intelligence, 1991
Individual differences in performance on 4 computer-controlled visual memory and recognition tasks as a function of performance on 5 paper-and-pencil spatial tests were studied for 90 psychology students attending the University of Rennes (France). Results show that spatial thinking is partially supported by visual memory. (SLD)
Descriptors: College Students, Comparative Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Foreign Countries
Cognitive Abilities in the Early School Years: No Effects of Shared Environment between Parents and Offspring.
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Cyphers, Lisa H.; And Others – Intelligence, 1989
Genetic involvement in specific verbal and spatial abilities and memory and perceptual speed was assessed using 163 adopted and 142 non-adopted 7-year-olds and their biological, adoptive, and non-adoptive parents. Results imply the existence of some genetic continuity from the early school years to adulthood for verbal and spatial abilities. (TJH)
Descriptors: Adopted Children, Biological Parents, Cognitive Ability, Early Childhood Education