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Yang, Qizong; Antonov, Igor; Castillejos, David; Nagaraj, Anagha; Bostwick, Caleb; Kohn, Andrea; Moroz, Leonid; Hawkins, Robert D. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Long-term but not short-term memory and synaptic plasticity in many brain areas require neurotrophin signaling, transcription, and epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. However, it has been difficult to relate these cellular mechanisms directly to behavior because of the immense complexity of the mammalian brain. To address that…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Genetics, Brain
Díaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Piper, Walter T.; Schiff, Hillary C.; Roberts, Clark H.; Campese, Vincent D.; Sears, Robert M.; LeDoux, Joseph E. – Learning & Memory, 2017
The creation of auditory threat Pavlovian memory requires an initial learning stage in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, is paired with an aversive one (US), such as a shock. In this phase, the CS acquires the capacity of predicting the occurrence of the US and therefore elicits conditioned defense responses.…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Animals, Statistical Analysis
Valente, Andre; Huang, Kuo-Hua; Portugues, Ruben; Engert, Florian – Learning & Memory, 2012
The performance of developing zebrafish in both classical and operant conditioning assays was tested with a particular focus on the emergence of these learning behaviors during development. Strategically positioned visual cues paired with electroshocks were used in two fully automated assays to investigate both learning paradigms. These allow the…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Learning, Animals
Muravieva, Elizaveta V.; Alberini, Cristina M. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Previous studies suggested that the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol might be a novel, potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This hypothesis stemmed mainly from rodent studies showing that propranolol interferes with the reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning (FC). However, subsequent investigations…
Descriptors: Investigations, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Classical Conditioning, Memory
Martig, Adria K.; Mizumori, Sheri J. Y. – Learning & Memory, 2011
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may provide modulatory signals that, respectively, influence hippocampal (HPC)- and striatal-dependent memory. Electrophysiological studies investigating neural correlates of learning and memory of dopamine (DA) neurons during classical conditioning tasks have found DA…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Brain, Rewards
Towards a New Study on Associative Learning in Human Fetuses: Fetal Associative Learning in Primates
Kawai, Nobuyuki – Infant and Child Development, 2010
Research has revealed that fetuses can learn from events in their environment. The most convincing evidence for fetal learning is habituation to vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) in human fetuses and classical conditioning in rat fetuses. However, these two research areas have been independent of each other. There have been few attempts at classical…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Habituation, Animals
King, Stanley O., II; Williams, Cedric L. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Exposure to novel contexts produce heightened states of arousal and biochemical changes in the brain to consolidate memory. However, processes permitting simple exposure to unfamiliar contexts to elevate sympathetic output and to improve memory are poorly understood. This shortcoming was addressed by examining how novelty-induced changes in…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Memory
Ota, Kristie T.; Pierre, Vicki J.; Ploski, Jonathan E.; Queen, Kaila; Schafe, Glenn E. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a crucial role in memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning and in synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA). In the present experiments, we examined the role of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), a downstream effector of NO, in fear memory consolidation and…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Maren, Stephen; Hobin, Jennifer A. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a robust and enduring form of emotional learning that provides an ideal model system for studying contextual regulation of memory retrieval. After extinction the expression of fear conditional responses (CRs) is context-specific: A conditional stimulus (CS) elicits greater conditional responding outside compared with…
Descriptors: Fear, Classical Conditioning, Memory, Neurology
Kehoe, E. James – Learning & Memory, 2006
The rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) response underwent successive stages of acquisition and extinction training in both delay (Experiment 1) and trace (Experiment 2) classical conditioning. In both cases, successive acquisitions became progressively faster, although the largest, most reliable acceleration occurred between the first and second…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Responses, Brain
Thompson, Laura; Wright, William G.; Hoover, Brian A.; Nguyen, Hoang – Learning & Memory, 2006
Much recent research on mechanisms of learning and memory focuses on the role of heterosynaptic neuromodulatory signaling. Such neuromodulation appears to stabilize Hebbian synaptic changes underlying associative learning, thereby extending memory. Previous comparisons of three related sea-hares (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) uncovered interspecific…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Associative Learning, Correlation
Gafford, Georgette M.; Parsons, Ryan G.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2005
Benzodiazepines have been useful tools for investigating mechanisms underlying learning and memory. The present set of experiments investigates the role of hippocampal GABA[subscript A]/benzodiazepine receptors in memory consolidation using Pavlovian fear conditioning. Rats were prepared with cannulae aimed at the dorsal hippocampus and trained…
Descriptors: Animals, Drug Use, Learning Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Corcoran, Kevin A.; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2004
After extinction of fear to a Pavlovian conditional stimulus (CS), contextual stimuli come to regulate the expression of fear to that CS. There is growing evidence that the context dependence of memory retrieval after extinction involves the hippocampus. In the present experiment, we examine whether hippocampal involvement in memory retrieval…
Descriptors: Neurological Organization, Classical Conditioning, Memory, Testing
Tinsley, Matthew R.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Fanselow, Michael S. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Aversive conditioning is an ideal model for studying cholinergic effects on the processes of learning and memory for several reasons. First, deficits produced by selective lesions of the anatomical structures shown to be critical for Pavlovian fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance (such as the amygdala and hippocampus) resemble those deficits…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Classical Conditioning, Inhibition
Messaoudi, Belkacem; Granjon, Lionel; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sevelinges, Yannick; Gervais, Remi – Learning & Memory, 2004
The widely used Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigms used for studying the neurobiology of learning and memory have mainly used auditory cues as conditioned stimuli (CS). The present work assessed the neural network involved in olfactory fear conditioning, using olfactory bulb stimulation-induced field potential signal (EFP) as a marker of…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Auditory Stimuli, Cues
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