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Ansgar D. Endress – Developmental Science, 2024
In many domains, learners extract recurring units from continuous sequences. For example, in unknown languages, fluent speech is perceived as a continuous signal. Learners need to extract the underlying words from this continuous signal and then memorize them. One prominent candidate mechanism is statistical learning, whereby learners track how…
Descriptors: Syllables, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Memory
Perfetti, Charles; Helder, Anne – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
The study of word-to-text integration (WTI) provides a window on incremental processes that link the meaning of a word to the preceding text. We review a research program using event-related potential indicators of WTI at sentence beginnings, thus localizing sources of integration to prior text meaning independently of the current sentence. The…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Sentences, Reading Processes, Cognitive Processes
Wong, Edwin W.; Glasgow, Stephen D.; Trigiani, Lianne J.; Chitsaz, Daryan; Rymar, Vladimir; Sadikot, Abbas; Ruthazer, Edward S.; Hamel, Edith; Kennedy, Timothy E. – Learning & Memory, 2019
Netrin-1 was initially characterized as an axon guidance molecule that is essential for normal embryonic neural development; however, many types of neurons continue to express netrin-1 in the postnatal and adult mammalian brain. Netrin-1 and the netrin receptor DCC are both enriched at synapses. In the adult hippocampus, activity-dependent…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Memory, Adults, Brain
Quintana, Gonzalo R.; Jackson, Misha; Nasr, Mojdeh; Pfaus, James G. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Early experiences with sexual reward play a pivotal role in the formation of sexual behavior and partner preference. Associations of salient partner cues, or even neutral cues on a partner, with sexual reward states are a product of Pavlovian learning. However, the extent to which first experiences that associate a neutral stimulus with no…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Sexuality, Cues
Grella, Stephanie L.; Fortin, Amanda H.; McKissick, Olivia; Leblanc, Heloise; Ramirez, Steve – Learning & Memory, 2020
Systems consolidation (SC) theory proposes that recent, contextually rich memories are stored in the hippocampus (HPC). As these memories become remote, they are believed to rely more heavily on cortical structures within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where they lose much of their contextual detail and become schematized. Odor is a particularly…
Descriptors: Olfactory Perception, Fear, Memory, Recall (Psychology)
Doncheck, Elizabeth M.; Hafenbreidel, Madalyn; Ruder, Sarah A.; Fitzgerald, Michael K.; Torres, Lilith; Mueller, Devin – Learning & Memory, 2018
In cocaine use disorder, relapse can be elicited by drug-associated cues despite long periods of abstinence. The persistence of drug-associated cues in eliciting drug seeking suggests enduring changes in structural and functional plasticity, which may be mediated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2). Stimulant drug use increases bFGF…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Cues, Drug Use, Rewards
Vogel, Susanne; Kluen, Lisa Marieke; Fernández, Guillén; Schwabe, Lars – Learning & Memory, 2018
Prior knowledge, represented as a mental schema, has critical impact on how we organize, interpret, and process incoming information. Recent findings indicate that the use of an existing schema is coordinated by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), communicating with parietal areas. The hippocampus, however, is crucial for encoding…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Schemata (Cognition)
Quintana, Gonzalo R.; Guizar, Andrés; Rassi, Sarah; Pfaus, James G. – Learning & Memory, 2018
We have shown previously that male rats develop a conditioned ejaculatory preference (CEP) for females scented with a neutral odor like almond or lemon that is paired with the male's post-ejaculatory reward state during their first and subsequent early sexual experiences. However, preexposing males to the neutral odor alone prior to its pairing…
Descriptors: Animals, Males, Sexuality, Olfactory Perception
Peters, Jamie; Scofield, Michael D.; Reichel, Carmela M. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Prolonged use of methamphetamine (meth) has been associated with episodic memory deficits in humans, and preclinical rat models of meth self-administration indicate the memory deficits are a consequence of meth use. Others have suggested that the meth-induced memory deficits may promote a cyclical pattern of drug use, abstinence, and relapse,…
Descriptors: Drug Abuse, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals
Cho, Jin-Hyung; Rendall, Sam D.; Gray, Jesse M. – Learning & Memory, 2017
"Fos" induction during learning labels neuronal ensembles in the hippocampus that encode a specific physical environment, revealing a memory trace. In the cortex and other regions, the extent to which "Fos" induction during learning reveals specific sensory representations is unknown. Here we generate high-quality brain-wide…
Descriptors: Brain, Fear, Recall (Psychology), Memory
Basirat, Anahita; Brunellière, Angèle; Hartsuiker, Robert – Language Learning, 2018
Numerous studies suggest that audiovisual speech influences lexical processing. However, it is not clear which stages of lexical processing are modulated by audiovisual speech. In this study, we examined the time course of the access to word representations in long-term memory when they were presented in auditory-only and audiovisual modalities.…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Speech Communication
Forloines, Martha R.; Reid, Meredith A.; Thompkins, Andie M.; Robinson, Jennifer L.; Katz, Jeffrey S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
There are mixed results regarding the differentiation of neurofunctional correlates of spatial abilities. Previous studies employed complex environments or alternate memory tasks which could potentially add to inconsistencies across studies of navigation. To help elucidate the existing mixed findings, we conducted a study in a simplistic…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Task Analysis, Cues
Pennington, Zachary T.; Anderson, Austin S.; Fanselow, Michael S. – Learning & Memory, 2017
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has consistently appeared altered in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the vmPFC is thought to support the extinction of learned fear responses, several findings support a broader role for this structure in the regulation of fear. To further characterize the relationship between vmPFC…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Brain, Fear, Inhibition
Ferrara, Nicole C.; Cullen, Patrick K.; Pullins, Shane P.; Rotondo, Elena K.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Generalization of fear can involve abnormal responding to cues that signal safety and is common in people diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Differential auditory fear conditioning can be used as a tool to measure changes in fear discrimination and generalization. Most prior work in this area has focused on elevated amygdala activity…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain, Memory, Discrimination Learning
Colon, Lorianna; Odynocki, Natalie; Santarelli, Anthony; Poulos, Andrew M. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Development and sex differentiation impart an organizational influence on the neuroanatomy and behavior of mammalian species. Prior studies suggest that brain regions associated with fear motivated defensive behavior undergo a protracted and sex-dependent development. Outside of adult animals, evidence for developmental sex differences in…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Behavior