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Showing 1 to 15 of 56 results Save | Export
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Artyom Zinchenko; Markus Conci; Hermann J. Müller; Thomas Geyer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Visual search is faster when a fixed target location is paired with a spatially invariant (vs. randomly changing) distractor configuration, thus indicating that repeated contexts are learned, thereby guiding attention to the target (contextual cueing [CC]). Evidence for memory-guided attention has also been revealed with electrophysiological…
Descriptors: Cues, Memory, Attention, Visual Perception
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Nieto, Javier; Uengoer, Metin; Bernal-Gamboa, Rodolfo – Learning & Memory, 2017
One experiment with rats explored whether an extinction-cue prevents the recovery of extinguished lever-pressing responses. Initially, rats were trained to perform one instrumental response (R1) for food in Context A, and a different instrumental response (R2) in Context B. Then, responses were extinguished each in the alternate context (R1 in…
Descriptors: Cues, Animals, Experiments, Learning Processes
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Toftness, Alexander R.; Carpenter, Shana K.; Geller, Jason; Lauber, Sierra; Johnson, Madeline; Armstrong, Patrick I. – Metacognition and Learning, 2018
Students' judgements of their own learning often exceed their knowledge on a given topic. One source of this pervasive overconfidence is fluency, the perceived ease with which information is acquired. Though effects of fluency on metacognitive judgments have been explored by manipulating relatively simple stimuli such as font style, few studies…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Learning Processes, Video Technology, Lecture Method
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Kenney, Justin W.; Scott, Ian C.; Josselyn, Sheena A.; Frankland, Paul W. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Zebrafish are a genetically tractable vertebrate that hold considerable promise for elucidating the molecular basis of behavior. Although numerous recent advances have been made in the ability to precisely manipulate the zebrafish genome, much less is known about many aspects of learning and memory in adult fish. Here, we describe the development…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Fear, Conditioning, Animals
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Cassini, Lindsey F.; Flavell, Charlotte R.; Amaral, Olavo B.; Lee, Jonathan L. C. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Retrieval of an associative memory can lead to different phenomena. Brief reexposure sessions tend to trigger reconsolidation, whereas more extended ones trigger extinction. In appetitive and fear cued Pavlovian memories, an intermediate "null point" period has been observed where neither process seems to be engaged. Here we investigated…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Learning Processes, Recall (Psychology)
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Ocampo, Amber C.; Squire, Larry R.; Clark, Robert E. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Prior experience has been shown to improve learning in both humans and animals, but it is unclear what aspects of recent experience are necessary to produce beneficial effects. Here, we examined the capacity of rats with complete hippocampal lesions, restricted CA1 lesions, or sham surgeries to benefit from prior experience. Animals were tested in…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Experience, Spatial Ability, Memory
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Middlebrooks, Catherine D.; Castel, Alan D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Learners make a number of decisions when attempting to study efficiently: they must choose which information to study, for how long to study it, and whether to restudy it later. The current experiments examine whether documented impairments to self-regulated learning when studying information sequentially, as opposed to simultaneously, extend to…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Memory, Sequential Learning, Study Habits
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Frank, David J.; Macnamara, Brooke N. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Performance on verbal and mathematical tasks is enhanced when participants shift from using algorithms to retrieving information directly from memory (Siegler, 1988a). However, it is unknown whether a shift to retrieval is involved in dynamic spatial skill acquisition. For example, do athletes mentally extrapolate the trajectory of the ball, or do…
Descriptors: Skill Development, Spatial Ability, Mathematics, Mental Computation
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Cohen, Michael S.; Rissman, Jesse; Hovhannisyan, Mariam; Castel, Alan D.; Knowlton, Barbara J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
People tend to show better memory for information that is deemed valuable or important. By one mechanism, individuals selectively engage deeper, semantic encoding strategies for high value items (Cohen, Rissman, Suthana, Castel, & Knowlton, 2014). By another mechanism, information paired with value or reward is automatically strengthened in…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Memory, Testing, Learning Processes
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Burling, Joseph M.; Yoshida, Hanako – Cognitive Science, 2017
The literature on human and animal learning suggests that individuals attend to and act on cues differently based on the order in which they were learned. Recent studies have proposed that one specific type of learning outcome, the highlighting effect, can serve as a framework for understanding a number of early cognitive milestones. However,…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Young Children, Learning Processes, Bias
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Piñeyro, Marcelo E.; Monti, Roque I. Ferrer; Alfei, Joaquín M.; Bueno, Adrián M.; Urcelay, Gonzalo P. – Learning & Memory, 2014
It has been suggested that, unlike pure extinction which typically results in the return of the fear response under a variety of circumstances, memory reactivation followed by extinction can attenuate the reemergence of conditioned fear. The reactivation-extinction procedure has attracted the attention of basic and clinical researchers due to its…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Responses, Conditioning
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Murayama, Kou; Blake, Adam B.; Kerr, Tyson; Castel, Alan D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
People are often exposed to more information than they can actually remember. Despite this frequent form of information overload, little is known about how much information people choose to remember. Using a novel "stop" paradigm, the current research examined whether and how people choose to stop receiving new--possibly…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Metacognition, Study Habits
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Spirgel, Arie S.; Delaney, Peter F. – Educational Psychology Review, 2016
In five experiments, we consistently found that items included in summaries were better remembered than items omitted from summaries. We did not, however, find evidence that summary writing was better than merely restudying the text. These patterns held with shorter and longer texts, when the text was present or absent during the summary writing,…
Descriptors: Writing (Composition), Documentation, Memory, Multiple Choice Tests
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Arnold, Kathleen M.; McDermott, Kathleen B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The facilitative effect of retrieval practice, or testing, on the probability of later retrieval has been the focus of much recent empirical research. A lesser known benefit of retrieval practice is that it may also enhance the ability of a learner to benefit from a subsequent restudy opportunity. This facilitative effect of retrieval practice on…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Testing, Experiments, Memory
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Jimenez, Luis; Vazquez, Gustavo A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Sequence learning and contextual cueing explore different forms of implicit learning, arising from practice with a structured serial task, or with a search task with informative contexts. We assess whether these two learning effects arise simultaneously when both remain implicit. Experiments 1 and 2 confirm that a cueing effect can be observed…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Experiments, Attention
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