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Juhi Parmar; Klaus Rothermund – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Stimulus-response binding and retrieval (SRBR) is a fundamental mechanism driving behavior automatization. In five experiments, we investigated the modulatory role of affective consequences (AC) on SRBR effects to test whether binding/retrieval can explain instrumental learning (i.e., the "law of effect"). SRBR effects were assessed in a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Responses, Behavior, Reinforcement
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Bejjani, Christina; Egner, Tobias – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Cognitive control describes the ability to use internal goals to strategically guide how we process and respond to our environment. Changes in the environment lead to adaptation in control strategies. This type of control learning can be observed in performance adjustments in response to varying proportions of easy to hard trials over blocks of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Memory, Attention, Motivation
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Meyer, Heidi C.; Bucci, David J. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Previous studies have examined the maturation of learning and memory abilities during early stages of development. By comparison, much less is known about the ontogeny of learning and memory during later stages of development, including adolescence. In Experiment 1, we tested the ability of adolescent and adult rats to learn a Pavlovian negative…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Memory, Animals, Adolescents
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Coureaud, Gerard; Tourat, Audrey; Ferreira, Guillaume – Learning & Memory, 2013
This study evaluated whether olfactory preconditioning is functional in newborn rabbits and based on joined or independent memory of odorants. First, after exposure to odorants A+B, the conditioning of A led to high responsiveness to odorant B. Second, responsiveness to B persisted after amnesia of A. Third, preconditioning was also functional…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Neonates, Olfactory Perception
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Klappenbach, Martin; Maldonado, Hector; Locatelli, Fernando; Kaczer, Laura – Learning & Memory, 2012
The understanding of how the reinforcement is represented in the central nervous system during memory formation is a current issue in neurobiology. Several studies in insects provide evidence of the instructive role of biogenic amines during the learning and memory process. In insects it was widely accepted that dopamine (DA) mediates aversive…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Neurology, Adjustment (to Environment), Memory
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O'Reilly, Anthony; Roche, Bryan; Ruiz, Maria; Tyndall, Ian; Gavin, Amanda – Psychological Record, 2012
Subjects completed a baseline stimulus matching procedure designed to produce two symmetrical stimulus relations; A1-B1 and A2-B2. Using A1, B1, and two novel stimuli, subjects were then trained to produce a common key-press response for two stimuli and a second key-press response for two further stimuli across two blocks of response training.…
Descriptors: Memory, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Timed Tests
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Tabone, Christopher J.; de Belle, J. Steven – Learning & Memory, 2011
Associative conditioning in "Drosophila melanogaster" has been well documented for several decades. However, most studies report only simple associations of conditioned stimuli (CS, e.g., odor) with unconditioned stimuli (US, e.g., electric shock) to measure learning or establish memory. Here we describe a straightforward second-order conditioning…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Conditioning, Associative Learning, Memory
White, K. Geoffrey; Brown, Glenn S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Pigeons performed a delayed matching-to-sample task in which large or small reinforcers for correct remembering were signaled during the retention interval. Accuracy was low when small reinforcers were signaled, and high when large reinforcers were signaled (the signaled magnitude effect). When the reinforcer-size cue was switched from small to…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Accuracy, Memory
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Milton, Amy L.; Lee, Jonathan L. C.; Everitt, Barry J. – Learning & Memory, 2008
We have investigated the neurochemical mechanisms of memory reconsolidation and, in particular, the functional requirement for intracellular mechanisms initiated by [beta]-adrenergic signaling. We show that propranolol, given in conjunction with a memory reactivation session, can specifically disrupt the conditioned reinforcing properties of a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Memory, Obesity, Drug Addiction
White, K. Geoffrey; Wixted, John T. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Delayed matching to sample is typically a two-alternative forced-choice procedure with two sample stimuli. In this task the effects of varying the probability of reinforcers for correct choices and the resulting receiver operating characteristic are symmetrical. A version of the task where a sample is present on some trials and absent on others is…
Descriptors: Response Style (Tests), Psychology, Probability, Gender Differences
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Rodriguez, Paul F. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Memory systems are known to be influenced by feedback and error processing, but it is not well known what aspects of outcome contingencies are related to different memory systems. Here we use the Rescorla-Wagner model to estimate prediction errors in an fMRI study of stimulus-outcome association learning. The conditional probabilities of outcomes…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Prediction, Memory, Probability
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Hernandez, Pepe J.; Andrzejewski, Matthew E.; Sadeghian, Kenneth; Panksepp, Jules B.; Kelley, Ann E. – Learning & Memory, 2005
Neural integration of glutamate- and dopamine-coded signals within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a fundamental process governing cellular plasticity underlying reward-related learning. Intra-NAc core blockade of NMDA or D1 receptors in rats impairs instrumental learning (lever-pressing for sugar pellets), but it is not known during which phase of…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Reinforcement, Stimuli
Izawa, Chizuko – J Exp Psychol, 1970
Descriptors: Feedback, Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Reinforcement
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Dragoi, Valentin; Staddon, J. E . R. – Psychological Review, 1999
Proposes a minimal set of principles based on short-term and long-term memory mechanisms that can explain the major static and dynamic properties of operant behavior in both single-choice and multiresponse situations. The model predicts the major qualitative features of operant phenomena and suggests an experimental test of theoretical predictions…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Cognitive Psychology, Memory, Operant Conditioning
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Morin, Robert E.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1970
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Elementary School Students, Memory
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