Understanding forgetting from working memory, the memory used in ongoing cognitive processing, is critical to understanding human cognition. In the past decade, a number of conflicting findings have been reported regarding the role of time in forgetting from working memory. This has led to a debate concerning whether longer retention intervals…

In response to the wide-scale proliferation of "the cone of learning"--a fanciful retention chart confounded with Dale's Cone of Experience--the authors make four major claims debunking this fantasy and provide documentary evidence to support these claims. The first claim is that the data in the mythical retention chart do not make…

Critics have been attempting to debunk the mythical retention chart at least since 1971. The earliest critics, David Curl and Frank Dwyer, were addressing just the retention data. Beginning around 2002, a new generation of critics has taken on the illegitimate combination of the retention chart and Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience--the corrupted…

The authors are attempting to set the record straight regarding the sources frequently cited in the literature of the mythical retention chart and the corrupted Dale's Cone. They point out citations that do not actually connect with relevant works; provide correct citations of sources that are often cited erroneously; add references for overlooked…

The ability to decide rapidly that two visual stimuli are nominally the same when they are also visually the same (the Posner effect) was examined for stimuli of increasing visual complexity (Experiment 1) and when a greater variety of visual differences between the two stimuli was employed (Experiment 2). (Editor)

This experiment tested the hypothesis that dream recallers would have better memory for visual stimuli than dream nonrecallers. (Editor)

The purpose of this research was (a) to determine whether or not an emotional response, as measured by palmar skin conductance, does accompany a critical item, and (b) if it does, to investigate its relationship to the deficit in recognition memory. (Author/RK)

Three experiments evaluated the effect of poststimulus distractor characteristics in altering recognition of random shapes. (Editor)

The present experiment measured the effects that shadowing (repeating aloud) a series of aurally presented items has on the reading process. (Author/RK)

Three experiments contrasted subjects' memory for verbal and figural displays. Data are discussed in terms of a multiple coding model, which is suggested as a more fruitful approach than single-code models such as those proposed by Pylyshyn or Anderson and Bower. (Editor/RK)

Marks (1973) and Gur & Hilgard (1975) have reported success in predicting performance in visual-memory tasks from scores in a questionnare of self-rated vividness of imagery, i.e. the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, 1973). These findings were disconfirmed in two experiments in which the VVIQ was used and vivid pictures…

Evidence for the hypothesis that the appearance of visually presented words is stored in "literal copy" form is critically evaluated and shown to be inconclusive. An experiment in which students were required to retain information about zero, one, or two visual properties of words is reported. (Editor)

Four experiments examined the effect of label training on redintegrative memory for novel shapes (remembering the whole shape when only a part is presented). (Editor)

In this study, developmental changes in duration of the icon (visual sensory store) were investigated with three converging tachistoscopic tasks. (1) Stimulus interuption detection (SID), a variation of the two-flash threshold method, was performed by 29 first- and 32 fifth-graders, and 32 undergraduates. Icon duration was estimated by stimulus…

Eighty-six adults serially recalled lists of visually presented consonant letters similar in auditory or visual features or dissimilar on both feature sets. There were significantly more errors at every auditory list position than at the corresponding visual and neutral list positions, which did not themselves differ. Positive correlation exists…