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Lee, Yuh-shiow; Lee, Huang-mou; Fawcett, Jonathan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
In an item-method-directed forgetting task, Chinese words were presented individually, each followed by an instruction to remember or forget. Colored probe items were presented following each memory instruction requiring a speeded color-naming response. Half of the probe items were novel and unrelated to the preceding study item, whereas the…
Descriptors: Memory, Color, Naming, Interference (Learning)

Owings, Richard A.; Baumeister, Alfred A. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1979
In three experiments, memory for intentionally encoded words was compared with memory for encodings, induced by asking semantic, phonemic, or surface questions. Subjects were second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students, and junior and senior high school students. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education