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Ball, B. Hunter; Brewer, Gene A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The present study implemented an individual differences approach in conjunction with response time (RT) variability and distribution modeling techniques to better characterize the cognitive control dynamics underlying ongoing task cost (i.e., slowing) and cue detection in event-based prospective memory (PM). Three experiments assessed the relation…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Memory
Retrieval Practice Makes Procedure from Remembering: An Automatization Account of the Testing Effect
Racsmány, Mihály; Szollosi, Ágnes; Bencze, Dorottya – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The "testing effect" refers to the striking phenomenon that repeated retrieval practice is one of the most effective learning strategies, and certainly more advantageous for long-term learning, than additional restudying of the same information. How retrieval can boost the retention of memories is still without unanimous explanation. In…
Descriptors: Memory, Testing, Recall (Psychology), Retention (Psychology)
Wang, Enguo; Du, Chenguang; Ma, Yujun – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
This study reports the neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of digital memory retrieval features in Chinese individuals with and without dyscalculia. A total of 18 children with dyscalculia (ages 11.5-13.5) and 18 controls were tested, and their event-related potentials were digitally recorded simultaneously with behavior measurement.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Learning Disabilities, Mathematics Skills, Children
von Hecker, Ulrich; Klauer, Karl Christoph; Wolf, Lukas; Fazilat-Pour, Masoud – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Memory performance in linear order reasoning tasks (A > B, B > C, C > D, etc.) shows quicker, and more accurate responses to queries on wider (AD) than narrower (AB) pairs on a hypothetical linear mental model (A -- B -- C -- D). While indicative of an analogue representation, research so far did not provide positive evidence for spatial…
Descriptors: Memory, Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception
O'Reilly, Anthony; Roche, Bryan; Ruiz, Maria; Tyndall, Ian; Gavin, Amanda – Psychological Record, 2012
Subjects completed a baseline stimulus matching procedure designed to produce two symmetrical stimulus relations; A1-B1 and A2-B2. Using A1, B1, and two novel stimuli, subjects were then trained to produce a common key-press response for two stimuli and a second key-press response for two further stimuli across two blocks of response training.…
Descriptors: Memory, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Timed Tests
Bissett, Patrick G.; Logan, Gordon D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Cognitive control enables flexible interaction with a dynamic environment. In 2 experiments, the authors investigated control adjustments in the stop-signal paradigm, a procedure that requires balancing speed (going) and caution (stopping) in a dual-task environment. Focusing on the slowing of go reaction times after stop signals, the authors…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Conflict, Inhibition
Kadosh, Roi Cohen; Gevers, Wim; Notebaert, Wim – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Automatic processing of irrelevant stimulus dimensions has been demonstrated in a variety of tasks. Previous studies have shown that conflict between relevant and irrelevant dimensions can be reduced when a feature of the irrelevant dimension is repeated. The specific level at which the automatic process is suppressed (e.g., perceptual repetition,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Models, Experiments, Stimuli
Schneider, Darryl W.; Anderson, John R. – Cognitive Psychology, 2011
We propose and evaluate a memory-based model of Hick's law, the approximately linear increase in choice reaction time with the logarithm of set size (the number of stimulus-response alternatives). According to the model, Hick's law reflects a combination of associative interference during retrieval from declarative memory and occasional savings…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Memory, Evaluation, Models
Klapp, Stuart T. – Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2010
The effect of response complexity on simple RT, first reported by Henry and Rogers (H&R), is a robust phenomenon for complexity measured by the number of chunks in a multiple-chunk response. However, there are problems with the memory drum theory H&R used to account for this result, and no fully satisfactory alternative explanation has been…
Descriptors: Memory, Reaction Time, Stimuli, Intervals
White, K. Geoffrey; Brown, Glenn S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Pigeons performed a delayed matching-to-sample task in which large or small reinforcers for correct remembering were signaled during the retention interval. Accuracy was low when small reinforcers were signaled, and high when large reinforcers were signaled (the signaled magnitude effect). When the reinforcer-size cue was switched from small to…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Accuracy, Memory
Bourne, Lyle E., Jr.; Raymond, William D.; Healy, Alice F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Two experiments examined 3 variables affecting accuracy, response time, and reports of strategy use in a binary classification skill task. In Experiment 1, higher rule cue salience, allowing faster rule application, produced higher aggregate rule use than lower rule cue salience. After participants were pretrained on the relevant classification…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reaction Time, Memory, Classification
Arrington, Catherine M.; Weaver, Starla M.; Pauker, Rachel L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Two voluntary task-switching experiments probed the influence of previous exposures to stimuli and categorizations of these stimuli on task choice during subsequent exposures to the same stimuli. Subjects performed origin and size judgments under standard voluntary task-switching instructions to perform the tasks equally often in a random order.…
Descriptors: Priming, Stimuli, Influences, Selection
Tsal, Yehoshua; Benoni, Hanna – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
The substantial distractor interference obtained for small displays when the target appears alone is reduced in large displays when the target is embedded among neutral letters. This finding has been interpreted as reflecting low-load and high-load processing, respectively, thereby supporting the theory of perceptual load (Lavie & Tsal, 1994).…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Attention, Perception, Memory
Wearden, J. H.; Smith-Spark, J. H.; Cousins, Rosanna; Edelstyn, N. M. J.; Cody, F. W. J.; O'Boyle, D. J. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Previous literature suggests that Parkinson's disease is marked by deficits in timed behaviour. However, the majority of studies of central timing mechanisms in patients with Parkinson's disease have used timing tasks with a motor component. Since the motor abnormalities are a defining feature of the condition, the status of timing in Parkinson's…
Descriptors: Diseases, Patients, Memory, Generalization
Defeyter, Margaret Anne; Russo, Riccardo; McPartlin, Pamela Louise – Cognitive Development, 2009
Items studied as pictures are better remembered than items studied as words even when test items are presented as words. The present study examined the development of this picture superiority effect in recognition memory. Four groups ranging in age from 7 to 20 years participated. They studied words and pictures, with test stimuli always presented…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Test Items, Reaction Time, Familiarity
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