We welcome the chance to respond to the five main critiques in Monroe and Mineka's postscript to their comment. First, they claimed in their postscript that they never denied that the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (4th ed., text rev. [DSM-IV-TR]; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)…

This paper reviews major stidues in metacognitive research relating to education and discusses their implications for educators and teacher education. Metacognition generally refers to self-awareness, or self knowledge of one's thought processes. Two types of research are discussed: (1) descriptive or correlational data on the natural development…

Investigates what type of study (information processing) is sufficient for transfer of information to long-term memory and demonstrates that the influence of a fixed set of study instructions on long-term recall may vary as a function of the locus of the time available to study a list for prior short-term recall. (Author/RK)

This paper proposes a basic instructional design model that focuses on the planning of a learning environment so that students not only acquire factual knowledge, but also improve their cognitive abilities to use and extend their knowledge. The model describes the direct relationships between learning time, cognitive objectives, memory system…

The purpose of this study was to further investigate performance differences between reflective and impulsive subjects on a recognition memory task. Other researchers have proposed that these differences are based on visual analysis and that they are relatively independent of verbal processes. To test this contention, a sentence recognition task…

The effects of visual, and verbal/visual, preorganizers and postorganizers on the learning of unfamiliar information were evaluated in an experimental study involving 153 community college students. Pre- and postorganizers were used in connection with a 20-minute lesson on the theory of communication. A 25-item, multiple-choice criterion test was…

Consistent results of two experiments, in which undergraduate students were taught relatively technical native language vocabulary through keyword methods, showed that effectiveness of such methods depended upon whether meanings of words to be learned were abstract or concrete and whether comprehension was assessed immediately or after a delay.…

The aim of this report was to provide teachers of preschool and early elementary school children with a brief summary of current psychological research and theory concerned with the development of cognitive skills in young children. Psychological research often provides a basis for procedures teachers use in the classroom. Each chapter of the…

In "Suggestologiia," Georgi Lozanov discusses his theories of Suggestology, the scientific study of suggestion, and Suggestopedia, the application of suggestion to pedagogy. The Lozanov thesis cannot properly be understood in isolation, however, and Suggestology and Suggestopedia should be considered in relation to yoga, Soviet and…