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Primate Prefrontal Neurons Encode the Association of Paired Visual Stimuli during the Pair-Association Task
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Andreau, Jorge Mario; Funahashi, Shintaro – Brain and Cognition, 2011
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to contribute to memory processes such as encoding representations into long-term-memory (LTM) and retrieving these representations from LTM. However, the details of the PFC's contribution to LTM processes are not well known. To examine the characteristics of the PFC's contribution to LTM processes, we analyzed…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Associative Learning
Difference and Ratio Information in Children's and Adults' Memory Representations.
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Duffy, Jim – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1992
Children and adults learned associations between line length and color. Subjects were then presented with pairs of colors and asked to choose the color that had been associated with the longer line. For all ages, choice reaction times were related to differences in, and ratios of, line lengths. (BC)
Descriptors: Adults, Children, Color, Memory
Retrieval Processes in Recall
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Perlmutter, Jane; And Others – Cognitive Psychology, 1976
Four experiments are reported which employ a recall-reaction time paradigm. The experiments are designed to establish the baseline effects in the paradigm, determine which of these effects should be attributed to the retrieval stage of processing and investigate the effect of semantic memory in this task. (Author/DEP)
Descriptors: Association Measures, Memory, Models, Paired Associate Learning
Alcohol and Memory: Storage and State Dependency
Parker, Elizabeth S.; And Others – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1976
Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on the storage phase of memory were evaluated with two tasks that minimized response retrieval: unpaced paired-associate learning with highly available responses and forced-choice picture recognition. It was concluded that storage processes are sensitive to disruption by alcohol. (CHK)
Descriptors: Alcoholism, Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Pictorial Stimuli
Some Processes in Children's Comprehension of Linguistically and Visually Depicted Relationships
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Odom, Penelope B.; Nesbitt, Nancy H. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1974
A paired-associate task relational or non-relational visual and linguistic stimuli was presented to kindergarten and fifth-grade students. Results indicated that a relationship in both modes facilitated recall better than a relationship in only one mode, and that a relationship in either mode was better for recall than none at all. (DP)
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Learning Processes, Memory, Paired Associate Learning
Effects of Low-Pass Filtering on the Rate of Learning and Retrieval From Memory of Speech-Like Stimuli
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Novak, Robert; Davis, Julia – Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1974
Descriptors: Adults, Auditory Stimuli, Hearing Impairments, Memory
Memory and "Contingency Analysis" in Infant Learning.
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Watson, John S. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 1967
In order to determine if infants possessed contingency awareness and if it were related to a temporal unit, two hypotheses were constructed. (1) Reinforcement of a response would probably lead to emission of that response only if the infant's next response occurred within a period of time during which he could remember the preceding…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Constructed Response, Infant Behavior, Infants
Pictures, Words, and Imagery Mediation in Paired-Associate Learning
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Wicker, Frank W. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Imagery, Learning Theories
Item Selection and Picture-Word Differences in Recognition and Recall
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Wicker, Frank W. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Performance Factors
Implications of Mnemonics Research for Cognitive Theory.
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Reese, Hayne W. – 1970
A skilled cognitive theorist might help behaviorists resolve inconsistencies found from their experimentation with imaginal mnemonics in paired-associate and serial learning tasks. Iconic cognition which relegates verbal processes to short-term storage and output systems is inadequate to explain the verbal coding and elaboration processes…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Processes, Conditioning