This study investigated students' critical reasoning about commercials, as an aspect of advertising literacy. Critical reasoning was examined under two different experimental conditions. That is, students were tasked with watching four different commercials with 1) brand information provided or not, and 2) asked to engage in critical reasoning or…

In present-day digital environments, people frequently encounter content from sources of questionable trustworthiness. Advertising is an untrustworthy source because its purpose is to persuade consumers rather than to provide impartial information. One factor known to enhance the perceived truth of advertising claims is repetition: Repeated…

The aim of the research is to explore consumer perceptions of masculinity in advertising and determine the effectiveness of these advertising efforts in offering a brand's version of masculinity to men. The researchers analysed consumer comments posted on advertisements where masculinity is a prominent subject on the YouTube platform. By applying…

Following the protests and racial reckoning of 2020, advertisers renewed their focus on the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), as part of their everyday operations. Several recent examples point to brand equity erosion, or escalation of negative consumer responses, resulting from advertisers missing the mark in their efforts to…

We conducted a survey to characterize certified California farmers markets (FMs) regarding location, seasonality, size, product, product labeling, advertising methods, postharvest practices, regulations governing vendors, training offered, and training interests. Data obtained from the survey highlight the need for improvement regarding food…

With the advent of social media, Nicholas J. Eastman writes, corporations are not only brand conscious, but conscious brands. Its marketing assumes the form of an intimate and absurd conversation about its, your, and society's misery. He contends that consumerism is the most potent driver of feeling, thinking, and doing, and for an increasing…

How does the presence of information, or lack thereof, affect consumer behaviors and firm outcomes in the context of digital economy? My dissertation examines this broad question in three different empirical contexts. In the first chapter, I study how providing brand information influences the performance of job ads on an online job search…

The objectives of this study are to investigate verbal and visual semiotic resources employed as well as the cultural aspects embedded in the online soft drink advertisements. The data of this study was selected from the U.S. official soft drink brand Coca-Cola Instagram account (@cocacola), and a total of 58 advertisements were analyzed. Three…

Of the aim of this investigation is to show the methods of studying the trademarks development to better understand their role in modern economy and advertising. Along with the methods, we have tried to postulate that the concept "property" accelerate their wide-spreading and necessity. It was established that the creators (brand…

With artificial intelligence (AI) technologies making significant evolutions over the past few years, there is a growing need for advertising students to get familiarized with the different types of AI technologies and explore and experiment with ways to adapt to such changes. This article illustrates the development and implementation of the…

Understanding how two characteristics--flavors and modified risk messages--affect perceptions and subjective effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can inform tobacco control efforts. In two within-subjects studies (N = 17 and N = 19), the effects of e-cigarette flavors (tobacco vs. menthol and unflavored vs. cherry) and hypothetical…

The current study explored the effect of sexual content in advertisements and the programme-advertisement congruence on the memory of sexual and nonsexual advertisements. Seventy participants (41 females and 29 males) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions. They viewed either "The Bachelorette" (sexual programme) or "I'm…

This research examined whether parents can recognize modified brands in children's programming, and whether program educational value and active mediation intention would moderate perceptions of modified brand references. An experiment was conducted with 109 parents of child(ren) between 3-6 years old. Participants watched clips that…

Employers and students are increasingly demanding applied, relevant skills. Eye tracking technology is used extensively by companies to test consumer attention and awareness of advertisements, packaging, and websites, but the marketing education literature lacks a pedagogy for teaching it in a marketing classroom. An experiential learning activity…

Providing students with employability skills is an important aspect of advertising education. However, as educators we must also be prepared to encourage students to think about a brand's responsibility and consider how advertising can help address important issues facing society.