Background/Context: Over the past twenty plus years, the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) has reviewed over 1,700 studies, cataloging effect sizes for 189 interventions. Some 56% of these interventions include results from multiple, independent studies; on average, these include results of [approximately]3 studies, though some include as many as 32…

This study aimed to show a quantitative synthesis on the effect of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPSR) on personal and social responsibility within physical education (PE) context. To achieve this, a systematic review and meta-analysis on experimental studies was developed. The initial search yielded 874 articles, with 6…

This article presents methods for using extant data to improve the properties of estimators of the standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size. Because samples recruited into education research studies are often more homogeneous than the populations of policy interest, the variation in educational outcomes can be smaller in these samples than…

Background/Context: In meta-analyses examining educational interventions, researchers seek to understand the distribution of intervention impacts, in order to draw generalizations about what works, for whom, and under what conditions. One common way to examine equity implications in such reviews is through moderator analysis, which involves…

Single-case design (SCD) is a quantitative experimental technique in which participants serve as their own control. The use of an effect size in SCD allows evaluation of outcomes as well as comparison of outcomes via meta-analyses. Characteristics of SCD research make the selection of an appropriate effect size complicated. Additionally, there are…

In any meta-analysis, it is critically important to report the dispersion in effects as well as the mean effect. If an intervention has a moderate clinical impact "on average" we also need to know if the impact is moderate for all relevant populations, or if it varies from trivial in some to major in others. Or indeed, if the…

Meta-analyses of educational research findings frequently involve statistically dependent effect size estimates. Meta-analysts have often addressed dependence issues using ad hoc approaches that involve modifying the data to conform to the assumptions of models for independent effect size estimates, such as by aggregating estimates to obtain one…

The "LFK" index has been promoted as an improved method to detect bias in meta-analysis. Putatively, its performance does not depend on the number of studies in the meta-analysis. We conducted a simulation study, comparing the "LFK" index test to three standard tests for funnel plot asymmetry in settings with smaller or larger…

Background/Context: In meta-analysis examining educational intervention, characterizing heterogeneity and exploring the sources of variation in synthesized effects have become increasingly prominent areas of interest. When combining results from a collection of studies, statistical dependency among their effects size estimates will arise when a…

This study aims to investigate the impact of frilufts-therapy (Nordic inspired therapeutic interventions in nature) on adolescents' mental health through a systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed intervention studies in English, Danish, or Norwegian, quantitatively evaluated with…

Outcomes of meta-analyses are increasingly used to inform evidence-based decision making in various research fields. However, a number of recent studies have reported rapid temporal changes in magnitude and significance of the reported effects which could make policy-relevant recommendations from meta-analyses to quickly go out of date. We…

This article presents methods for using extant data to improve the properties of estimators of the standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size. Because samples recruited into education research studies are often more homogeneous than the populations of policy interest, the variation in educational outcomes can be smaller in these samples than…

Differences in effect sizes between researcher developed (RD) and independently developed (ID) outcome measures are widely documented but poorly understood in education research. We conduct a meta-analysis using item-level outcome data to test potential mechanisms that explain differences in effects by RD or ID outcome type. Our analysis of 45…

Teachers are increasingly using augmented reality (AR) to develop students' higher-order thinking (HOT). As past studies showed mixed results, our "random effects meta-analysis" of 21 effect sizes from 17 studies of 1256 participants determined the overall effect of AR on HOT and accounted for differences across studies via moderator…

A random-effects model is often applied in meta-analysis when considerable heterogeneity among studies is observed due to the differences in patient characteristics, timeframe, treatment regimens, and other study characteristics. Since 2014, the journals "Research Synthesis Methods" and the "Annals of Internal Medicine" have…