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Direct linkMerker, Sören; Reif, Andreas; Ziegler, Georg C.; Weber, Heike; Mayer, Ute; Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Conzelmann, Annette; Johansson, Stefan; Müller-Reible, Clemens; Nanda, Indrajit; Haaf, Thomas; Ullmann, Reinhard; Romanos, Marcel; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Pauli, Paul; Strekalova, Tatyana; Jansch, Charline; Vasquez, Alejandro Arias; Haavik, Jan; Ribasés, Marta; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Franke, Barbara; Lesch, Klaus-Peter – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with profound cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial impairments with persistence across the life cycle. Our initial genome-wide screening approach for copy number variants (CNVs) in ADHD implicated a duplication of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Neurological Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Physiology
Shahrestani, Sara; Stewart, Elizabeth M.; Quintana, Daniel S.; Hickie, Ian B.; Guastella, Adam J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014
Background: The inability to regulate autonomic activity during social interactions is believed to contribute to social and emotional dysregulation in children. Research has employed heart rate variability (HRV) during both socially engaging and socially disengaging dyadic tasks between children and adults to assess this. Methods: We conducted a…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Interpersonal Relationship, Children, Psychopathology
Kossowsky, Joe; Wilhelm, Frank H.; Roth, Walton T.; Schneider, Silvia – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in childhood and is predictive of adult anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. However, the disorder has seldom been studied and the attempt to distinguish SAD from other anxiety disorders with regard to psychophysiology has not been made. We expected…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Metabolism, Mothers, Identification
Luijk, Maartje P. C. M.; Roisman, Glenn I.; Haltigan, John D.; Tiemeier, Henning; Booth-LaForce, Cathryn; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Belsky, Jay; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Hofman, Albert; Verhulst, Frank C.; Tharner, Anne; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background and methods: In two birth cohort studies with genetic, sensitive parenting, and attachment data of more than 1,000 infants in total, we tested main and interaction effects of candidate genes involved in the dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin systems ("DRD4", "DRD2", "COMT", "5-HTT", "OXTR") on attachment security and disorganization.…
Descriptors: Child Rearing, Infants, Attachment Behavior, Rating Scales
Schmitz, Julian; Kramer, Martina; Tuschen-Caffier, Brunna; Heinrichs, Nina; Blechert, Jens – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Psychophysiological hyperresponsiveness to social-evaluative stress plays a key role in current theories of social phobia (SP). Owing to the early onset of this disorder, the study of children with SP can help to improve etiological models. However, research to date has failed to clarify whether children with SP are physiologically…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Metabolism, Children, Infants
Spinelli, Simona; Vasa, Roma A.; Joel, Suresh; Nelson, Tess E.; Pekar, James J.; Mostofsky, Stewart H. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Error processing is reflected, behaviorally, by slower reaction times (RT) on trials immediately following an error (post-error). Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fail to show RT slowing and demonstrate increased intra-subject variability (ISV) on post-error trials. The neural correlates of these behavioral…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Inhibition, Correlation, Error Correction
Simonoff, Emily; Taylor, Eric; Baird, Gillian; Bernard, Sarah; Chadwick, Oliver; Liang, Holan; Whitwell, Susannah; Riemer, Kirsten; Sharma, Kishan; Sharma, Santvana Pandey; Wood, Nicky; Kelly, Joanna; Golaszewski, Ania; Kennedy, Juliet; Rodney, Lydia; West, Nicole; Walwyn, Rebecca; Jichi, Fatima – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is increased in children with intellectual disability. Previous research has suggested stimulants are less effective than in typically developing children but no studies have titrated medication for individual optimal dosing or tested the effects for longer than 4 weeks. Method: One hundred and…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Children, Mental Retardation, Drug Therapy
DeYoung, Colin G.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Neuroticism is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to experience negative affect. It is a major risk for psychopathology, especially depression and anxiety disorders. Childhood maltreatment is another major risk factor for psychopathology and may influence personality. Maltreatment may interact with genotype to predict…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Personality Traits, Child Abuse, Psychopathology
Hastings, Paul D.; Nuselovici, Jacob N.; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie; Kendziora, Kimberly T.; Usher, Barbara A.; Ho, Moon-Ho R.; Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Effective emotion regulation should be reflected in greater coherence between physiological and subjective aspects of emotional responses. Method: Youths with normative to clinical levels of internalizing problems (IP) and externalizing problems (EP) watched emotionally evocative film-clips while having heart rate (HR) recorded, and…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Adolescents, Affective Behavior, Emotional Response
Malone, Stephen M.; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: The maximum number of alcoholic drinks consumed in a single 24-hr period is an alcoholism-related phenotype with both face and empirical validity. It has been associated with severity of withdrawal symptoms and sensitivity to alcohol, genes implicated in alcohol metabolism, and amplitude of a measure of brain activity associated with…
Descriptors: Mental Health, Pregnancy, Adolescents, Mothers
Gabbay, Vilma; Klein, Rachel G.; Katz, Yisrael; Mendoza, Sandra; Guttman, Leah E.; Alonso, Carmen M.; Babb, James S.; Hirsch, Glenn S.; Liebes, Leonard – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Although adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is acknowledged to be a heterogeneous disorder, no studies have reported on biological correlates of its clinical subgroups. This study addresses this issue by examining whether adolescent MDD with and without melancholic features (M-MDD and NonM-MDD) have distinct biological features…
Descriptors: Rating Scales, Adolescents, Statistical Analysis, Depression (Psychology)
Williams, Jonathan – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
The dopamine transfer deficit model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is compared and contrasted with the existing dynamic developmental theory and the extended temporal difference (TD) model. The first two both identify learning deficits as a key problem in ADHD, but this mechanism would seem at least as likely to cause other…
Descriptors: Stimulants, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Neurological Impairments
Dougherty, Lea R.; Klein, Daniel N.; Olino, Thomas M.; Dyson, Margaret; Rose, Suzanne – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Elevated morning cortisol is a prospective predictor of major depression and may serve as a vulnerability marker. We examined the relation between morning cortisol and two prominent risk factors for depression in preschool-aged children: maternal depression and child temperament. We also explored whether maternal depression during the…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Metabolism, Correlation, Parent Influence
Luman, Marjolein; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Hyde, Christopher; van Meel, Catharina S.; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Both theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12. Methods: Heart rate responses (HRRs)…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Reinforcement, Children
Field, Andy P.; Schorah, Hannah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Although many studies have now demonstrated that threat information is sufficient to change children's beliefs and behaviours towards novel animals, there is no evidence to suggest that it influences the physiological component of the fear emotion. Methods: An experiment is reported in which children (N = 26) aged between 6 and 9 were…
Descriptors: Animals, Statistical Analysis, Fear, Metabolism
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