This note is concerned with the study of temporal development in several indices reflecting clustering effects in multilevel designs that are frequently utilized in educational and behavioral research. A latent variable method-based approach is outlined, which can be used to point and interval estimate the growth or decline in important functions…

Mediation analysis is an important statistical tool in many research fields, where the joint significance test is widely utilized for examining mediation effects. Nevertheless, the limitation of this mediation testing method stems from its conservative Type I error, which reduces its statistical power and imposes certain constraints on its…

Reflecting global trends, there is a growing demand for research into research-based teacher education in Kazakhstan. This study employs a qualitative multiple-case study design to examine the experiences of 450 undergraduate student teachers who completed educational research methods courses at four major teacher training universities in…