Statistics education researchers have been challenged to consider the theory of inferentialism in understanding concept formation in students. A critique of inferentialism is that no comprehensive method has been formulated to use the theory in practice. In this paper an inferentialism-based framework is presented that appears to be capable of…

Engineering design practices in STEM education focus on reflecting the discipline-specific work of engineers in a manner that is suitable for the student level and course learning objectives. Using an engineering design context also facilitates student identification of global problems and feasible solutions to address such problems. In this…

There is a strong relationship between the quality of education, teachers' decisions and instructional actions, and knowledge. All of them have an important role outcome of the lesson and students' learning. The focus of this study was to discover how the process of students' learning or incapability of learning was affected by teaching practices.…

Despite well-designed curriculum materials, teachers often face challenges in their implementation due to diverse classroom needs. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can support middle-school math teachers by helping create high-quality curriculum scaffolds, which we define as the adaptations and supplements teachers…

Students' proficiency in the language of instruction is essential for their mathematical learning. Accordingly, language-responsive instruction, which includes adapting teaching material to students' language needs, is thought to promote mathematical learning, particularly for students with lower levels of proficiency in the language of…

In the mid-1960s, educational lawmakers began passing and implementing plans to raise the achievement of all students across the United States. In these early years of education mandates, the federal government became more involved in public education. Education lawmakers began to focus on struggling learners and how teachers could support those…

Racism impacts the lives of students who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) in a myriad of ways. It is important that future teachers go beyond individual acts of racism to understand how racism operates as a system. To this end, we designed and implemented a statistical investigation with 13 preservice teachers using real…

Integer arithmetic is difficult for students worldwide. Although students' integer thinking has frequently been studied, little is known about typical instructional practice for this difficult topic. Thus, to investigate what resources teachers use, we surveyed U.S. middle-grade teachers who teach negative numbers. About half the teachers said…

Cognitive activation is an approach to instruction associated with increased mathematical achievement and engagement. However, researchers have questioned its effectiveness for students with different learner characteristics. A Year 6 class participated in a lesson designed using cognitive activation practices. Interviews with ten case study…

This study assessed the effectiveness of a spatialized mathematics intervention on the mathematical performance and spatial visualization skills of students from an underprivileged Indonesian community. Grade 8 students (N = 407) were assigned to one of twelve experimental classes, receiving the spatial mathematics intervention, or one of seven…

This study investigates a range of non-normative ideas that pre-service teachers (PSTs) employ in reasoning about sampling variability. This issue was studied in the context of a content course on statistics and probability for pre-service middle grade teachers at a Midwestern American university. Analysis of seven PSTs' video and screen records…

Monitoring one's learning activities is integral to self-regulated learning (SRL) and contributes significantly to successful learning outcomes. Judgments of learning (JOL), a crucial component of SRL, involve metacognitive assessments where individuals gauge their ability to recall learned material on future tests. While prior research…

In educational settings, reflective thinking is often overlooked, with an excessive emphasis on final answers, resulting in students needing more ability to evaluate and reconstruct their problem-solving processes. The ability for reflective thinking is required by students in solving problems, including numerical problems. This study uses a…

This dissertation aims to understand the female Saudi mathematics teachers' formative assessment practices after coming back to in-person instruction and the impact of such practices on female student attitudes toward learning mathematics. The study was conducted in two middle schools located in the North and South districts of a large city in…

The focus of this study is to use the mixture item response theory (MixIRT) model while implementing the no-U-turn sampler as a technique for investigating the presence of latent classes (i.e., subpopulations) among eighth-grade students who were administered TIMSS 2019 mathematics subtest in paper format from the gulf cooperation council (GCC)…