An international plan to boost student mobility within the European Community will provide grants to institutions, faculty, and students to fund projects and cover the costs of travel, language preparation, and cost-of-living differential for study in participating countries. International tuition waivers and policies for recognizing course…

The transition to a market economy in Albania is a relatively long and complex process. It is characterized by the demolition of old structures and the establishment of new ones, often in parallel, until a new, completely different economic system emerges. During this difficult and innovative process, a myriad of interconnected problems have…

The transitional process of the FYR of Macedonia since independence in 1991 has been marked by a severe economic crisis, which has led to a significant increase in the levels of unemployment (31.9 percent in 2002) and poverty (22.7 percent in 2001). The turbulent situation in the Balkan region (war in the countries of the Former Yugoslavia) and…

Individual students and scholars from developing or developed countries are entitled to have their personal achievements in education, research, and science evaluated according to identical standards. Only the development of systems of comparability in these fields will increase the level of mutual confidence and cooperation. (MSE)

The Republic of Moldova proclaimed its independence in 1991. Like other republics of the former USSR, during the last decade of the Twentieth Century, Moldova initiated social and economic reforms aimed at the country's transition to a market economy. A series of relevant social changes were achieved in Moldova but, contrary to initial estimates,…

Proceedings are summarized from a conference of 21 member countries of the Council of Europe's Division for Higher Education and Research to discuss measures to facilitate exchange of teachers, researchers, and students in Europe and cooperation in exchange with Latin America. (MSE)

There are five basic ways of transferring science and technology to developing countries: voluntary expatriates ("brain drain"), expatriates on special missions to their home countries, personnel training in the developed country, importation of technology, and interinstitutional cooperation. Additional forms of interinstitutional cooperation…

An examination of international student mobility looks at the general trend toward increased mobility, problems of conflicting attitudes and expectations, and considerations of curriculum and credentials. (MSE)

Examination of the geographic mobility of science faculty within and to/from the United Kingdom finds the academic community of those countries Europeanized but not truly globalized. Inflows of scientific skills mostly benefit the already high-performing institutions and departments; lower-performing universities benefit less because they are less…

Steps taken by the Council of Europe to implement the European Convention concerning the international recognition of degrees and credits and to otherwise encourage and facilitate academic mobility within the European community are reviewed. (MSE)

Rates and trends in foreign student enrollments in European countries and European student enrollments abroad are outlined in data and narrative analysis. (MSE)

Mutual understanding and the strengthening of ties among the higher education systems of different countries depends largely on overcoming language barriers, and the national and international standardization of terminology would help in that process. (MSE)

The East German agency charged with documentation concerning the comparability of higher education systems in foreign countries, mutual recognition of curricula and degrees, and monitoring East Germany's compliance with Europe's conventions on the recognition of studies is described. (MSE)

The national higher education accrediting, consulting, information, and regulating agencies of 36 Eastern and Western European, North American, and Mediterranean countries are listed, and some addresses are given. (MSE)

The role and functions of the Netherlands' interuniversity agency are discusssed. It makes recommendations to Dutch organizations concerning the equivalency of education received abroad, stimulates international academic mobility, and provides information to Dutch nationals going abroad or potential foreign students in the Netherlands about Dutch…