This paper describes the Puerto Rican movement to the mainland United States as a contract labor group before, during, and after World War II. The communities which developed from this early movement provided the nucleus from which the present Puerto Rican communities arose on the mainland U.S. (Author/EB)

Survey of 187 HIV-positive patients in Puerto Rico examined a possible pattern of migration between Puerto Rico and continental United States to seek health services. Contrary to the hypothesis, few respondents had been outside their health region for more than 2 weeks in the past year, and 57% of all movement was within Puerto Rico. (Author/SV)

Argues that the semiperipheral development of Puerto Rico since around 1975 has created a relative labor surplus in formal sectors of the economy while increasing demand for cheap labor in the informal service sector. Describes migration of Puerto Ricans to and from the U.S. and of Dominicans to Puerto Rico. (AF)

Studied how acculturative stress affects self-esteem of 240 upper elementary school children in Puerto Rico, half of whom had never migrated, and half of whom had spent at least one academic year in the United States. Data suggest lower self-esteem for migrants and more disadvantages because they are placed in second-language programs and delayed…

The mental health needs of two-way migrants from Puerto Rico to the United States and back again are discussed in this paper. Four factors affecting Puerto Rican migrants are outlined. First, the relationship between migration and stress is considered. Often, it is noted, in migrating away from stressful economic conditions, the Puerto Rican…

Using figures from the 1980 Census, the importance of relative earnings and culture in the choice of immigration destination (Puerto Rico or mainland United States) for immigrants from the Spanish-speaking Caribbean is examined. Not all differences in location decision are attributable to differences in reward structure by location. (SLD)

Previous research suggests that most Puerto Rican students who have spent some years in the United States and then returned to Puerto Rico generally experience cultural adjustment problems, language difficulties, low self-esteem, and identity crises. This study compared attitudes of Puerto Rican return migrant students (those who have returned to…

Almost 300 non-migrant, migrant, return migrant, and circulatory migrant high school students participated in a study of the relationship of the level of adjustment to mainstream Puerto Rican society and the frequency of migration. No direct relationship between reading achievement and physical adjustment was found. However, as the level of…

Explores the individual-level relationship of return migrant status to employment outcomes, taking into account local and regional factors such as the Puerto Rican level of employment. Findings using 1970 and 1980 Census data support a negative influence of return migrant status. Mediating factors are discussed. (SLD)

PATTERNS OF MIGRATION WITHIN PUERTO RICO AND TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES ARE EXAMINED IN DEPTH IN THIS DISCUSSION. SUCH PROBLEMS AS THE HIGH MOBILITY OF PUERTO RICAN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES (NEW YORK CITY ESPECIALLY) AND PUERTO RICAN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS ARE ELABORATED ON IN THE DISCUSSION, AND DATA ON THE "SELECTIVITY…

This booklet describes the issues and findings of a series of symposia on Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and in the United States. From 1988 to 1992, six symposia were held, three in the United States and three in Puerto Rico, on topics such as migration, culture and language, community characteristics, strengthening relations between the two…

Puerto Ricans in the United States are often assumed to be bilingual, and most are to some degree. Among Puerto Ricans, frequent returns home are common, allowing for immersion in both cultures and communication in both Spanish and English. Despite availability of bilingual education, programs are too short for participants to attain even a…

This is a statistical survey of children in the South, designed for the use of public policy makers, child advocates, and human service specialists. Section one presents a general demographic overview that includes birth rates, migration and growth trends, and racial distribution. The second section provides statistics on living arrangements,…

This bulletin on the Puerto Rican migrant consists primarily of (1) a review of research which examines the social science literature dealing with the island background of the Puerto Rican immigrant as well as his life on "La Vida" which questions whether the family described by Lewis is representative of slum dwellers in urban San Juan…

The study described the development of the New England Farm Workers' Council, Inc., and documented significant interactions among selected elements of the Puerto Rican migrant farm labor system in the Connecticut Valley. These elements were the migrant farmworker community, the farm labor employers, and agencies of the federal government and of…