This study utilizes an analysis of diminishing returns to examine the relationship between sample size and item parameter estimation precision when utilizing the Masters' Partial Credit Model for polytomous items. Item data from the standardization of the Batelle Developmental Inventory, 3rd Edition were used. Each item was scored with a…

Dynamic Item Response Models extend the standard Item Response Theory (IRT) to capture temporal dynamics in learner ability. While these models have the potential to allow instructional systems to actively monitor the evolution of learner proficiency in real time, existing dynamic item response models rely on expensive inference algorithms that…

The purpose of this article is to share early results from an ongoing literature review intended to (a) explore the intersection of spiritual formation, aging, and lifelong learning, (b) situate this intersection within profound learning theory, and (c) develop a rich understanding and conceptual model which characterizes the qualities and…

This paper presents a tool for creating student models in logistic regression. Creating student models has typically been done by expert selection of the appropriate terms, beginning with models as simple as IRT or AFM but more recently with highly complex models like BestLR. While alternative methods exist to select the appropriate predictors for…

This paper presents a tool for creating student models in logistic regression. Creating student models has typically been done by expert selection of the appropriate terms, beginning with models as simple as IRT or AFM but more recently with highly complex models like BestLR. While alternative methods exist to select the appropriate predictors for…

The use of Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) models in predicting student learning and mastery, especially in mathematics, is a well-established and proven approach in learning analytics. In this work, we report on our analysis examining the generalizability of BKT models across academic years attributed to "detector rot." We compare the…

Computational thinking (CT) is a fundamental ability for learners in today's society. Although CT assessments and interventions have been studied widely, little is known about CT predictions. This study predicted students' CT achievement in the ICILS 2018 using five machine learning models. These models were trained on the data from five European…

In adaptive learning systems, various models are employed to obtain the optimal learning schedule and review for a specific learner. Models of learning are used to estimate the learner's current recall probability by incorporating features or predictors proposed by psychological theory or empirically relevant to learners' performance. Logistic…

Although the effects of Lesson study (LS), a teacher collaborative professional development approach, on teacher professional learning and students learning have been widely documented, the theories for understanding of LS has just emerged as a research field. Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMPG) and Documentational Approach…

In this theoretical paper, we respond to a call for all Mathematics Education researchers to become equity researchers (Aguirre et al., 2017) by articulating how equity is foundational to making second-order models of students' mathematics. First, based on prior research, we view equity to be about power and respect. We define an act of equity as…

Understanding exam score distributions has implications for item response theory (IRT), grade curving, and downstream modeling tasks such as peer grading. Historically, grades have been assumed to be normally distributed, and to this day the normal is the ubiquitous choice for modeling exam scores. While this is a good assumption for tests…

Student modeling is useful in educational research and technology development due to a capability to estimate latent student attributes. Widely used approaches, such as the Additive Factors Model (AFM), have shown satisfactory results, but they can only handle binary outcomes, which may yield potential information loss. In this work, we propose a…

This article draws on social psychology's research into attitudes and values to explain how transfer of writing knowledge may be facilitated through attitude formation and change. The theoretical writing knowledge as stated in Threshold Concepts of Writing explains that writing is a tool that mediates human interactions, enacting and evolving…

Wlodarsky and Walters' study explored the reflective practices of college faculty, as they defined reflection and discussed processes, which they used to facilitate reflection on their professional development. A qualitative coding strategy was used, then an analytic concept mapping procedure described by Novak and Gowen (1984) was employed.…

Motivation cannot be measured directly but has to be evaluated through other indirect measurements, of which questionnaires are the most common. This chapter presents the results from the development and use of a model to approach motivation in the science classroom from multiple theoretical and methodological perspectives. The model emerged from…