Comments on the preceding article which examined elaboration theory and offered suggestions for updating it to reflect new knowledge. Highlights include the simplifying conditions method; internal versus external knowledge structures; connectionism and authentic tasks; content structure as organizing structure; ill-structured domains; and…

Describes the impact of the tools being developed as part of the Second Generation Instructional Design (ID2) Research Program on the process of instructional design. Highlights include domain semantic meaning; instructional design expert systems; rapid prototyping; the instructional systems development process; and the ID2 rapid prototyping…

Discusses the integration of multiple learning goals, or objectives, into instructional design procedures. Models of instructional design are described with emphasis on human performance factors; categories of integrative goals are explained, including denoting, manifesting, and discovering; and implications for the transfer of training are…

Discusses the nature of instructional design and describes rapid prototyping as a feasible model for instructional system design (ISD). The use of prototyping in software engineering is described, similarities between software design and instructional design are discussed, and an example is given which uses rapid prototyping in designing a…

Explains chaos theory; compares a conventional instructional systems design (ISD) approach with chaos theory and dynamic nonlinear systems, including deterministic predictability and indeterministic unpredictability and negative and positive feedback; explores theoretical implications for developing an alternative ISD model; and recommends future…

Describes a basic development model for an intelligent tutoring system that includes the interface, the expert and learner models, and the pedagogical model. Possibilities for more extensive integration of cognitive learning theories into computer-based instruction (CBI) are illustrated, and two examples of CBI designed from this perspective are…

Discusses elaboration theory, an instructional design model for sequencing and organizing courses that is based on cognitive research, and offers suggestions for updating the model to reflect new knowledge. Topics addressed include knowledge representation, including content structure; sequencing issues, including microworld design and cognitive…

Analyzes the philosophical assumptions underlying instructional systems technology (IST). Cognitive and behavioral learning theories are discussed, their effects on IST are considered, the philosophical paradigms of objectivism and constructivism are compared, applications of constructivism are described, and implications of constructivism for IST…

Discusses concept learning research and theory, and examines the relationship with models of instructional design. Topics discussed include how concepts are learned; how concepts are measured; instructional design for concept learning; inferences; teaching with analogies; use of learning strategies; and new strategies for classification…

Reviews research on how geographic maps influence the recall of associated text and describes a theoretical model of map-text learning based on dual-coding theory and working memory operations. Instructional implications are explained, and recommendations for instructional applications are given. (Contains 84 references.) (LRW)

Presents a framework for organizing research and theory in the areas of psychology, pedagogy, and technology as they relate to interactive multimedia; and derives principles and implications for the design of interactive multimedia. Highlights include prior knowledge, the organization and utilization of knowledge, feedback, concept maps, and…

Describes the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of an interactive videodisc exhibit at the San Diego Natural History Museum. Design requirements for museum environments and interactive videodisc-based exhibits are examined, a field evaluation is described, and the adaptation of an instructional design model for museum settings is…

Discusses a nationwide survey of university educational technology professionals and students that was conducted to determine their opinions about the future of the field. Areas addressed include educational technology and learning theory; instructional design models; technology and individualized instruction; technological advances; educational…