Learning outcome modeling is a technical underpinning for the successful evaluation of learners' learning outcomes through computer-based assessments. In recent years, collaborative filtering approaches have gained popularity as a technique to model learners' item responses. However, how to model the temporal dependencies between item responses…

In automated essay scoring (AES), essays are automatically graded without human raters. Many AES models based on various manually designed features or various architectures of deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proposed over the past few decades. Each AES model has unique advantages and characteristics. Therefore, rather than using a single-AES…

Much of learning analytics research has focused on factors influencing model generalizability of predictive models for academic performance. The degree of model generalizability across courses may depend on aspects, such as the similarity of the course setup, course material, the student cohort, or the teacher. Which of these contextual factors…

In automated essay scoring (AES), scores are automatically assigned to essays as an alternative to grading by humans. Traditional AES typically relies on handcrafted features, whereas recent studies have proposed AES models based on deep neural networks to obviate the need for feature engineering. Those AES models generally require training on a…

Knowledge tracing (KT), the task of tracking the knowledge state of a student over time, has been assessed actively by artificial intelligence researchers. Recent reports have described that Deep-IRT, which combines item response theory (IRT) with a deep learning method, provides superior performance. It can express the abilities of each student…

With the wide spread large-scale e-learning environments such as MOOCs, peer assessment has been popularly used to measure the learner ability. When the number of learners increases, peer assessment is often conducted by dividing learners into multiple groups to reduce the learner's assessment workload. However, in such cases, the peer assessment…

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are becoming an increasingly popular choice for education but, to reach their full extent, they require the resolution of new issues like assessing students at scale. A feasible approach to tackle this problem is peer assessment, in which students also play the role of assessor for assignments submitted by…