Presents a new procedure for comparing the results of linear and equipercentile equating methods. The new method calculates the expected degree of efficiency in equating that can be achieved by linear equating based on the moments of the two relevant distributions. (RB)

The threshold utility model for culture-fair selection is defined for both quota-free and for restricted selection. In addition a full Bayesian solution based on posterior predictive distributions is provided. Mathematical derivations and an example are provided. (JKS)

Estimation of the parameters of the Rasch model is considered when both the item parameters and the ability parameters are considered random quantities. (RB)

This comment is intended to complement points made by Freedman in his critique of the path analysis method. The role of statistical analysis in social sciences is also discussed. (RB)

Two multinomial random sociometric voting models are presented to study the critical number of votes that can occur under peer voting schemes. Empirical evidence for the convergence of the models is presented to simplify calculating critical values of sociometric frequencies attributed in classroom groups which vary in size. (Author/BW)

This article examines the affect of misfit on methods to minimize the inaccuracy of the Item Response Theory (IRT). Three of the most commonly used IRT models were fit in this simulation. (RB)

Comment agrees with Freedman's criticism of the path analysis model for studying education and social stratification. The model makes assumptions about how data are generated that are generally false. (RB)

Explains two methods of systems analysis: the Fix-Point (FP) and the Partial Least Squares (PLS). Argues against Freedman's rejection of the structural assumptions of path analysis models. (RB)

Freedman responds to a series of articles commenting on his critique of the path analysis model. The focus of this rejoinder is the assumptions made by researchers who use the path analysis method, particularly the assumption that the equations in path analysis are structural. (RB)

Logically consistent hypothesis-testing for factorial analysis of variance designs is proposed in the context of a hierarchical model. It is shown that all of the hypotheses associated with the traditional factorial model are conceptually independent and occupy the lowest levels of the hierarchy. (Author/JKS)

Data analyses are presented investigating the relationship of high school grade point average and first year university grade point average. A variety of analyses are presented; the results imply that high school attended is a better predictor of university performance for poorer students than for better students. (Author/JKS)

This article presents two criterion-referenced grading models (a binomial grading model and an arcsine grading model), and shows how they can be applied in classrooms. In both cases, grades can be assigned on the basis of a criterion-referenced test with systematic control of the possible errors of misclassification (Author/BW)

Response to Freedman's critique of path analysis discusses appropriate ways to represent social processes in numerical form and the use of path analysis to achieve that goal. Discusses two main issues: the selection of variables and whether multiple regression can be used to model social processes. (RB)

Discusses the theoretical aspects of structural modeling rather than its applications. Considers the basic hypothesis in structural modeling and concludes that it can be an effective tool in some research contexts, though not all. (RB)

Suggests that improving the data collected for a study will lead to the development of better models to analyze that data. Also urges researchers to have a more critical attitude toward the literal interpretation of test results. (RB)