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Luca Moretti; Iring Koch; Marco Steinhauser; Stefanie Schuch – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
In the present study, we used a modeling approach for measuring task conflict in task switching, assessing the probability of selecting the correct task via multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling. With this method, task conflict and response conflict can be independently assessed as the probability of selecting the correct task and the…
Descriptors: Conflict, Persistence, Performance, Probability
Strickland, Luke; Heathcote, Andrew; Humphreys, Michael S.; Loft, Shayne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Event-based prospective memory (PM) tasks require individuals to remember to perform a previously planned action when they encounter a specific event. Often, the natural environments in which PM tasks occur are embedded are constantly changing, requiring humans to adapt by learning. We examine one such adaptation by integrating PM target learning…
Descriptors: Memory, Models, Cognitive Processes, Accuracy
Roger Ratcliff; Gail McKoon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
There has been considerable interest in what components of decision-making change when speed or accuracy is stressed. In many early studies, quite strict assumptions were made about parameter invariance across experimental conditions (sometimes called selective influence). Here we fit the standard diffusion model to the data from four large…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Decision Making, Accuracy, Aging (Individuals)
Brainerd, Charles J.; Bialer, Daniel M.; Chang, Minyu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The conjoint-recognition model (CRM) implements fuzzy-trace theory's opponent process conception of false memory. Within the family of measurement models that separate the memory effects of recollection and familiarity, CRM is the only one that accomplishes this for false as well as true memory. We assembled a corpus of 537 sets of…
Descriptors: Memory, Accuracy, Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity
Albrecht, Rebecca; Hoffmann, Janina A.; Pleskac, Timothy J.; Rieskamp, Jörg; von Helversen, Bettina – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Research on quantitative judgments from multiple cues suggests that judgments are simultaneously influenced by previously abstracted knowledge about cue-criterion relations and memories of past instances (or exemplars). Yet extant judgment theories leave 2 questions unanswered: (a) How are past exemplars and abstracted cue knowledge combined to…
Descriptors: Cues, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Value Judgment
Brainerd, C. J.; Nakamura, K.; Chang, M.; Bialer, D. M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Recollection rejection is traditionally defined as using verbatim traces of old items' presentations to reject new similar test cues, in old/new recognition (e.g., rejecting that "couch" is old by retrieving verbatim traces of "sofa"'s presentation). We broaden this conceptualization to include (a) old as well as new similar…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Accuracy, Cues, Cognitive Processes
McAdoo, Ryan M.; Key, Kylie N.; Gronlund, Scott D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two broad approaches characterize the type of evidence that mediates recognition memory: discrete state and continuous. Discrete-state models posit a thresholded memory process that provides accurate information about an item (it is detected) or, failing that, no mnemonic information about the item. Continuous models, in contrast, posit the…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Undergraduate Students, Accuracy
Hedge, Craig; Powell, Georgina; Bompas, Aline; Sumner, Petroc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Meta Analysis
Suh, Jihyun; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue--what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Conflict, Learning Processes
Markovits, Henry; Brisson, Janie; de Chantal, Pier-Luc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
One of the major debates concerning the nature of inferential reasoning is between counterexample-based strategies such as mental model theory and statistical strategies underlying probabilistic models. The dual-strategy model, proposed by Verschueren, Schaeken, & d'Ydewalle (2005a, 2005b), which suggests that people might have access to both…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Cognitive Processes, Models, Inferences
Doherty, Jason M.; Belletier, Clement; Rhodes, Stephen; Jaroslawska, Agnieszka; Barrouillet, Pierre; Camos, Valerie; Cowan, Nelson; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe; Logie, Robert H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Theories of working memory often disagree on the relationships between processing and storage, particularly on how heavily they rely on an attention-based limited resource. Some posit separation and specialization of resources resulting in minimal interference to memory when completing an ongoing processing task, while others argue for a greater…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Attention, Recall (Psychology)
Strickland, Luke; Heathcote, Andrew; Remington, Roger W.; Loft, Shayne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Event-based prospective memory (PM) tasks require participants to substitute an atypical PM response for an ongoing task response when presented with PM targets. Responses to ongoing tasks are often slower with the addition of PM demands ("PM costs"). Prominent PM theories attribute costs to capacity-sharing between the ongoing and PM…
Descriptors: Evidence, Memory, Models, Decision Making
Annis, Jeffrey; Palmeri, Thomas J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
The development of visual expertise is accompanied by enhanced visual object recognition memory within an expert domain. We aimed to understand the relationship between expertise and memory by modeling cognitive mechanisms. Participants with a measured range of birding expertise were recruited and tested on memory for birds (expert domain) and…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Expertise
Marcet, Ana; Perea, Manuel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Previous research has shown that early in the word recognition process, there is some degree of uncertainty concerning letter identity and letter position. Here, we examined whether this uncertainty also extends to the mapping of letter features onto letters, as predicted by the Bayesian Reader (Norris & Kinoshita, 2012). Indeed, anecdotal…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Priming, Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception
Kalbe, Felix; Schwabe, Lars – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Stimuli encoded shortly before an aversive event are typically well remembered. Traditionally, this emotional memory enhancement has been attributed to beneficial effects of physiological arousal on memory formation. Here, we proposed an additional mechanism and tested whether memory formation is driven by the unpredictable nature of aversive…
Descriptors: Prediction, Memory, Fear, Conditioning