Although evaluation serves many purposes in education, there is virtually unanimous agreement that evaluation is a critical component of all school improvement processes. Hamilton et al. (2003) asserted that "assessment and evaluation should be built into reform programs from the outset" (p. 26). Kimball, Lander, and Thorn (2010)…

Institutions of higher education that have become disenchanted with the traditional ways of organizing student personnel services have begun to seek a new model. This model calls for the creation of a new university office called University Affairs, at least one subunit of which would be student affairs. (Author/WM)

New organizational arrangements are required to solve the problems confronting a rapidly changing society. A dynamic, ongoing organization responsive to the requirements of this new era can be designed from a systems approach in terms of inputs, conversion process, and outputs. (Author/DN)

Asserts that educators can use what is known about communication and the change process to design better ways of interesting teachers in improving their instructional practices and in helping them to do so. Proposes a dissemination/diffusion model. (Author/WM)

Describes several systems or modes of individualized instruction in terms that will help educators match, at least in gross terms, their school needs with the strengths of each of four approaches to individualization. (Author)