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Reichardt, Charles S. – Psychological Methods, 2006
An effect is a function of a cause as well as of 4 other factors: recipient, setting, time, and outcome variable. The principle of parallelism states that if a design option exists for any 1 of these 4 factors, a parallel option exists for each of the others. For example, effects are often estimated by drawing a comparison across recipients who…
Descriptors: Research Design, Outcomes of Treatment, Effect Size, Medical Services