Competency models involve a methodology that demonstrates the validity of the model's standards: are people who have the competencies better managers than those who do not? Competency models should no longer be regarded as a panacea and should be only one of the tools used by trainers. (JOW)

Describes the evolution of performance from a training to a performance perspective. Describes four phases, looks at implications for the trainer, and suggests that the next phase will have to do with leadership. (JOW)

A modification of Donald Kirkpatrick's model suggests use of a training-impact tree to identify variables that could establish links between training and organizational values. Steps include identifying organizational values and practices; identifying skills, knowledge, and attitudes; defining scope and purpose of evaluation; gathering data; and…

Kirkpatrick reviews his 1959 article presenting his four-level model of evaluation. He suggests that training professionals should evaluate their programs and understanding those four levels is a good start. The text of the original article is included. (JOW)

Argues that objectives are not specific enough for the design and development of performance-improvement activities. Describes the Proforma model, a prescription of the behavior, standards, support, and noise requirements that mirror the action elements of performance at the individual, work-group, business unit, and process levels of an…

Human resource practitioners must be able to conduct needs analyses that accurately assess their organizations' performance needs, so that training can be made relevant to employees' jobs and organizational business goals. One way to meet that challenge is to use the Performance Analysis for Training Model. (Author)

One-on-one mentoring relationships can narrow opportunities for employees whose development requires group support. The new model substitutes interactive mentoring groups for the isolated twosomes of traditional mentoring relationships. (JOW)

It makes no sense to identify essential leadership capabilities unless one knows the business context in which these leaders will be expected to excel. A model for designing the competencies includes summarizing business objectives, identifying anticipated challenges, specifying assumptions, determining implications, and troubleshooting the…

Diversity implies differences in people based on their identifications with various groups and is also a process of acknowledging differences through action. Those organizations that have welcomed diversity are more productive and have a competitive advantage. Diversity training can be awareness based (cognitive) or skill based (behavioral). (JOW)

The pedagogical model views trainees as passive recipients; andragogy assumes learner self-direction. A contingency approach to adult learning recognizes a need for individualized approaches based on an assessment of trainee characteristics. (SK)

Discusses Donald J. Kirkpatrick's Level 4 evaluation model and how and whether to measure the value of training today. Suggests that a balanced view is needed to measure hard- and soft-skill performance gauges, tangible and intangible benefits, and long- and short-term results. (JOW)

Offers techniques to elicit information from subject matter experts when developing instructional systems. (JOW)

A 10-step model of techniques for developing effective teams encompasses credibility, ventilation of issues, orientation, group process, group goals, facilitation, intragroup procedures, intergroup processes, different roles for trainers, and setting groups free to function on their own. (JOW)

Technology has potential for teaching soft skills--typically those that are culture, gender, and model based. Authoring software for training is still being refined and interactivity is not where it needs to be for many applications.(JOW)