A general model for competency-based in-service training which integrates four processes used in systems engineering is described; the major problems that reduce its effective use are presented and discussed. (MM)

H. S. Bhola's CLER (configurations, linkages, environments, resources) Model was used to plan major changes in a large metropolitan police department. Changes involved staff development, occupational socialization, performance evaluation, and result-oriented management. The model provided a satisfactory theoretical framework for analyzing…