Proposed a practical reinforcement hierarchy for classroom-based behavior modification programs. The seven-level hierarchy ranged from primitive consequences (Infantile Physical Contact and Food) through the more abstract consequences (Praise and Internal Self-Reinforcement). Suggestions were made for using the hierarchy in teacher consultation…

A key to continuing occupational segregation by sex is seen to lie in "math avoidance" by women students. Borrowing from the insights of affective education, innovators have developed "reentry mathematics" courses which turn to self-conditioning, the attitudes, the psychological mindset, and the self-defeating behaviors of…

Behavior management presents an ongoing challenge that requires complex intervention skills on the part of guidance personnel. This paper presents strategies for helping school-based personnel move away from traditional punitive behavior management practices that are derived from a time when public humiliation of someone for social-rule-breaking…