Applied McCaskey's model of directional planning (as opposed to planning from goals and objectives) to data from large urban school districts. Initial impressions suggested that the model is viable: explicit, publicly stated goals and objectives were found to be grounded in a set of beliefs and desires for the districts. (CMG)

A management-by-objectives project designed to provide a rational basis for implementing a programming-planning-budgeting evaluation system in the school district is summarized. The project goal was to design and implement an accountability model utilizing participative management as a tool for development. Three organizational phases involved in…