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Download full textAli, Usama S.; Walker, Michael E. – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
Two methods are currently in use at Educational Testing Service (ETS) for equating observed item difficulty statistics. The first method involves the linear equating of item statistics in an observed sample to reference statistics on the same items. The second method, or the item response curve (IRC) method, involves the summation of conditional…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Test Items, Equated Scores, Causal Models
