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Frees, Edward W.; Kim, Jee-Seon – Psychometrika, 2006
Multilevel models are proven tools in social research for modeling complex, hierarchical systems. In multilevel modeling, statistical inference is based largely on quantification of random variables. This paper distinguishes among three types of random variables in multilevel modeling--model disturbances, random coefficients, and future response…
Descriptors: Prediction, School Effectiveness, Statistical Inference, Geometric Concepts