Practicum experiences for the student teacher should be sequentially ordered, proceeding from the simple to the complex. Having identified the areas of instructional experience as (1) number of lessons taught per day, (2) number of pupils taught per lesson, (3) sequential context of the lesson taught, (4) cognitive level of the lesson taught, and…

This paper offers a critique of elaboration theory (ET) based on recent cognitive research and offers suggestions for updating the model to reflect new knowledge. It begins by summarizing the basic strategies of this model for sequencing and organizing courses of instruction: (1) organizing structure; (2) simple-to-complex sequence; (3) sequencing…

This manual for Junior High Environmental and Outdoor Education courses specifically addresses the special needs of adolescent students. A program development model is organized around six elements: (1) outdoor core; (2) personal and group development; (3) environmental core; (4) outdoor expeditions; (5) environmental investigations; and (6)…