Procedures for establishing standards and determining the number of items needed in criterion-referenced measures are reviewed. The discussion of setting a passing score is organized around five factors: performance of others, item content, educational consequences, psychological and financial costs, and measurement error. Classical test theory,…

This document contains three papers developed by the Center for the Study of Evaluation's (CSE's) Research into Practice Project. The first paper, "A Process for Designing and Implementing a Dual Purpose Evaluation System," by Pamela Aschbacher and James Burry, provides a model for evaluating programs for two purposes simultaneously: (1) program…