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Julius Meier; Peter Hesse; Stephan Abele; Alexander Renkl; Inga Glogger-Frey – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2024
Self-explanation prompts in example-based learning are usually directed backwards: Learners are required to self-explain problem-solving steps just presented ("retrospective" prompts). However, it might also help to self-explain upcoming steps ("anticipatory" prompts). The effects of the prompt type may differ for learners with…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Problem Solving, Prompting, Models
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Hoogerheide, Vincent; Roelle, Julian – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2020
Decades of research has shown that example-based learning is an effective instructional strategy for learning new skills. The field of learning from examples is seeing a shift in focus towards more innovative and use-inspired research, in part because the use of examples for informal and formal learning purposes has mushroomed. This special issue…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Problem Solving, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
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Wouters, Pieter; Paas, Fred; van Merrienboer, Jeroen J. G. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2010
Animated models explicating how a problem is solved and why a particular method is chosen are expected to be effective learning tools for novices, especially when abstract cognitive processes or concepts are involved. Cognitive load theory was used to investigate how learners could be stimulated to engage in genuine learning activities. It was…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Cognitive Processes, Teaching Methods, Difficulty Level
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Wouters, Pieter; Paas, Fred; van Merrienboer, Jeroen J. G. – Review of Educational Research, 2008
Animated models explicate the procedure to solve a problem, as well as the rationale behind this procedure. For abstract cognitive processes, animations might be beneficial, especially when a supportive pedagogical agent provides explanations. This article argues that animated models can be an effective instructional method, provided that they are…
Descriptors: Animation, Design Requirements, Guidelines, Cognitive Processes