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Peer reviewedBagnall, Richard G. – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1990
Critiques Boshier's normative model for adult education futures, which has three components: learner motivation, level of need, and future centeredness. Finds that the first two components encourage unnecessary conflict between individual and societal needs; recommends replacing "needs" with broadly based educational goals and…
Descriptors: Adult Education, Educational Needs, Educational Objectives, Educational Theories
Peer reviewedRinger, Martin; Gillis, H. L. – Journal of Experiential Education, 1995
Managing the psychological depth of responses to adventure activities calls for the leader to attend to own language and language of group participants. Describes eight levels of psychological depth occurring during group discussion and interaction. Addresses the need to stay at or above the agreed-upon level and avoid moving into psychotherapy.…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Educational Objectives, Educational Practices, Emotional Experience
