The purposes of this article are to assess the present status of planning-programming-budgeting systems in education and to offer operational illustrations to those who wish to install certain aspects of PPBS in their school districts. (Author)

This literature review examines 16 selected documents processed by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Administration that deal with the application of several kinds of planning systems to educational programs. Particular attention is given to planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPBS), program evaluation review techniques (PERT), and various…

A presentation of a linear planning model to be used in economics for education. (Author)

A school district plan of functional organization is designed to integrate the functional and the organizational aspects of performance. The plan can be used to seek solutions to three basic management problems: (1) The functions which must be performed in a school district, (2) the plan of organization which should be implemented to facilitate…

Described is Connecticut's comprehensive model for the education of the gifted and talented. Discussed are the following basic program components: state legislation and funding to provide reimbursement to local school districts for special programs or services, full-time consultative leadership in programming for the gifted and talented, and a…

This report provides a detailed description of an education program cost model designed to accept descriptions of the size and composition of resources used in a particular program and translate them into an estimate of program cost, for convenient comparison of alternatives. The model also translates ("crosswalks") the program budget…

This review surveys documents, previously announced in RIE, that are concerned with the (1) development of planning-programing-budgeting systems (PPBS) for educational planning, (2) models of PPBS implementation, (3) specific applications suitable for libraries, and (4) bibliographies available on the topic. PPBS decisionmaking models enable…

Describes and illustrates the use of a model used at the University of Vermont College of Medicine to examine both financial implications and effect on faculty effort of any planned programmatic changes, e.g. effect of specific enrollment increase on basic sciences and clinical training departments. (JT)

This paper presents a model that uses projected pupil enrollment to estimate gross space needs and associated costs for various classifications of educational activities. The simulation consists of two linked programs, one using a version of the modified "cohort-survival" technique and the other estimating space and money necessary to…

This paper develops the techniques for allocating the quantity of a school's resources to particular programs and classrooms within the school, considering the sharing of resources. The methodology presented determines the cost of an educational program by identifying the resources utilized in a program. All costs are taken into consideration and…

Educational resources are scarce and should be used efficiently. To do this, decision-makers in higher education need clearly defined objectives, creatively elaborated alternatives, and information about the costs and effectiveness of those alternatives. This paper describes a new management tool which is designed to provide better information…

The Duval County (Florida) Public Schools have developed a 14-step model for planning and developing school-based program budgets. The steps include (1) developing a projected basic operating budget, (2) performing a needs assessment, (3) developing plans for annual school instructional improvement, (4) ranking needs and improvement plans for the…

Where research activities operate under "fixed" budgetary and resource conditions, allocations of funds must be carefully planned for effective program implementation. Although relatively little information is available on how small research units could use the principles of programed budgeting, a technique for ascertaining program…

Higher education faces continuing cost pressures from a multitude of new demands. The consequence is a new emphasis upon resource allocation that is only possible if the required data about program costs, program outputs, and program income are readily available. The task of the new management in higher education is to gather the needed…

Any general systems approach has five basic elements, which serve as the tasks for the researcher using systems analysis. The five are (1) the objectives, (2) the alternatives, (3) the costs, (4) the model (or models), and (5) the decision rule. With these five steps, the researcher should be able to specify the objectives, select alternatives,…