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Skemp, Richard R. – Mathematics Teaching, 1982
Discussion about the nature and varieties of mathematical understanding is presented. Symbolic understanding is defined as a mutual assimilation between a symbol system and a conceptual structure, that is dominated by the conceptual structure. (MP)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Epistemology, Learning
Salomon, Gavriel; Gardner, Howard – 1983
The "symbol systems approach" to the study of computers in education that is outlined avoids the pitfalls of past media research--particularly research on the effects of television on children's learning and knowledge--and asserts that media can be usefully distinguished in terms of the symbol systems they present and the kinds of…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Computers, Elementary Secondary Education