This paper explores the professional development literature in the educational setting. The different literature pieces are aligned to a framework that requires effective professional development to focus on three concepts: content, context, and process. The content focuses on the "what" question in the programs while the context aims to…

The last several decades have made clear that large numbers of immigrants still see America as a land of opportunity--and this influx of students has had a strong impact on the K-12 educational system. Most of the million-pupil increase in the public school population in the decade between 2001 and 2011 is due to the increase in English language…

This paper presents a brief historical overview and summary of the various approaches and recent developments in the field of bilingual education. The controversy that exists with respect to the different approaches to bilingual education has prevented the development of national goals and guidelines and the preparation of adequate evaluation…

Today Spanish speaking migrant families from the Rio Grande Valley are moving to such eastern states as Florida and New York, as well as to the western agricultural states. Because these children are migratory, they have special social and physical needs. Therefore, programs developed for them cannot focus solely on academic needs and classroom…

This 310 Special Project performed the following activities: (1) reviewed 10 years of Pennsylvania's materials funded under Section 310 of the Adult Education Act and published six "FOCUS on Curriculum" bulletins describing outstanding projects; and (2) prepared a 1985 addendum to Pennsylvania's listing of publishers' materials for adult…

This special demonstration project was undertaken to field test and disseminate a curriculum entitled Emergency English for Refugees (EER). Designed to meet the immediate English language needs of pre- and non-literate adult refugees and immigrants, the EER is a 26-unit competency-based English-as-a-second-language (ESL) curriculum that deals with…

This manual is intended to guide Kentucky vocational educators in designing and implementing a program of occupational and English language instruction that will efficiently and sensitively meet the special needs of students with limited English proficiency (LEP). The step-by-step guide aims to identify teachers' existing capabilities that may be…