In this article, the authors provide a methodological critique of the current standard of value-added modeling forwarded in educational policy contexts as a means of measuring teacher effectiveness. Conventional value-added estimates of teacher quality are attempts to determine to what degree a teacher would theoretically contribute, on average,…

Developing vocational education is a necessity for the economic and social development of high-poverty areas in China. But vocational education in impoverished areas lacks social recognition and faces funding shortages, along with difficulties in recruiting students. Vocational high schools themselves also have shortcomings. This article considers…

A project was conducted to develop a model for evaluating specialized and traditional programs in marketing and distributive education. The project included a review of literature containing information regarding the points of view expressed by advocates of the specialized, traditional, and middle-of-the-road approaches to program planning in…