Globalization is affecting the identity of adolescents worldwide. Armenia, a country beset by many challenges since 1895, remained isolated after it separated from the Soviet Union in 1991. Widespread poverty limited Armenia's access to technology until recently. This chapter reports the influence of globalization on rural and urban Armenian…

The dynamic systems (DS) approach has emerged as an influential and potentially unifying metatheory for developmental science. Its central platform--the argument against design--suggests that structure spontaneously and without prescription emerges through self-organization. In one of the most prominent accounts of DS, Thelen and her colleagues…

Taking a model of global citizenship that is primarily a matter of seeing the self-in-the-world as one dwelling among others, this article focuses on experiences of students with individual "significant others" and among international student communities, drawing on a 3-year study into U.K. undergraduate students participating in international…

In light of the complex notions of identity, this paper attempts to consider how to perceive the notion of world citizenship. The paper looks to discussions on the self and identity; focusing on the writing of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre, with particular attention given to the notion of an integrated self. While philosophers,…

In this book, the first of a series on functional education for individual, community, and national development, the author shares her understanding of the needs of nonformal education and what may prove useful to fulfill these needs. The content is in three sections. The first one identifies the forces that have converged to give nonformal…