This Perspective article expands on a working memory-dependent dual-process model, originally proposed by Zheng et al., to elucidate individual differences in the testing effect. This model posits that the testing effect comprises two processes: retrieval-attempt and post-retrieval re-encoding. We substantiate this model with empirical evidence…

In this work we use prior to tutor-session data to generate an individualized student knowledge model. Intelligent learning environments use student models to individualize curriculum sequencing and help messages. Researchers decompose the learning tasks into sets of Knowledge Components (KCs) that represent individual units of knowledge; the…

Online planning of good teaching sequences has the potential to provide a truly personalized teaching experience with a huge impact on the motivation and learning of students. In this work we compare two main approaches to achieve such a goal, POMDPs that can find an optimal long-term path, and Multi-armed bandits that optimize policies locally…

The implementation of personalized learning (PL) models is growing rapidly; however, research on these models is limited. In particular, little is known about teachers' experiences as they implement technology-based PL models. Additionally, few studies have sought to understand how teachers make sense of PL. Examining teachers' experiences with…

The need has arise for the consideration of individual differences, to include their learning styles, learning orientations, preferences and needs in learning to allow learners engage and be responsible for their own learning, retain information longer, apply the knowledge more effectively, have positive attitudes towards the subject, have more…

The idea of a personal style in learning has grown during the past decade to dominate teacher discourse in the UK. The theory supporting this idea is work in understanding cognitive and learning style. A recent review of learning styles for the Learning and Skills Development Agency in the UK has been widely publicised and is deeply critical of…

Authors propose that the most significant differences among people in learning situations are intrinsic, and discuss developing individualized instruction programs for typical classroom subject matter through the use of prototypic learner models. (Editor)

Presents an easy-to-follow chart that enables teachers to select the most appropriate reading strategy for each student, depending upon the student's ability. Moving from the bottom to the top of the chart, each strategy requires increasingly more reading independence of the student and less modeling by the teacher. (ET)

Two separate subject matter areas, which were felt to represent two distinct types of learning situations, were selected for investigation, namely, a kind of logico-mathematical procedure--the transportation technique, and a visual form discrimination task--aircraft recognition. Two separate courses were developed for each subject matter area. One…

In most schools, the term "arts" represents visual arts (art appreciation, painting, clay, etc.), performing arts (including music, dance, and theater), creative writing, and media arts (i.e., photography, digital video, and traditional filmmaking). "Theater" and "drama" are often used interchangeably, but "theater" comprises all of the technical…

While the usefulness of branched testing over conventional paper-and-pencil testing has been in doubt, particularly for the student of average ability, this has been with reference to normative measures rather than the criterion-referenced measures characteristic of individualized instruction. A computer-assisted test model for assessing an…

Discusses the fact that teachers determine how instructional control is granted, to whom, and under what conditions, and describes three areas providing different perspectives on this subject: expressed preferences for instructional methods, learner selection of events within an instructional sequence, and relationship of specific individual…

While individualized learning strategies typically provide large amounts of instructional support, they also reply heavily on learner judgement to determine the amount of support required to achieve an objective. Frequently, these strategies result in high achievers selecting too much support and low achievers selecting too little. Interest in…

The problem posed by this study was to determine a method of presenting information that would maximize learning, by taking into account the learner's conceptual tempo, one aspect of his cognitive style. Specifically, this study investigated the possible interaction effects of the learner's impulsive-reflective disposition with the rehearsal part…

Two postsecondary institutions in Michigan, Macomb County Community College and Michigan State University, participated in a two-year program that attempted to implement and evaluate a set of procedures developed for measuring and mapping each student's educational cognitive style and using the resulting maps to individualize educational programs…