In this article we examine empirical evidence on the criterion, predictive, transfer, and fairness aspects of validity of a large-scale language arts performance assessment, referred to as the Performance Assignment (PA). We use multilevel models to avoid biased inferences that might result from the naturally nested data. Specifically, we examine…

In this article, rates of return to education for Spanish male employees are calculated and compared using different methods. We derive rates of return from the estimation of three alternative models of human capital. The rates of return obtained by each of these models are different when they are calculated by least squares. Nevertheless, when…