The systems approach in education is a management tool that allows individuals to examine all aspects of a problem, to interrelate the effects of one set of decisions to another, and to optimally use the resources at hand to solve the problem. Five systems approaches which have been used in the successful development of instruction at the…

This paper, which updates and expands on the first edition (1981), begins by presenting a definition of instructional development (ID) and a discussion of its origins. A taxonomy for classifying ID models is then suggested, and it is noted that most ID models have been subjected to only a limited degree of testing. The 12 ID models that are…

This paper, which updates and expands on a paper by Twelker and others that identified and described five instructional development (ID) models, presents a taxonomy for classifying ID models, comments on the limited degree of testing to which most ID models have been subjected, reviews 13 models, and provides a selected, annotated bibliography of…

The fifth (of 14) volume of the Education and Training Consultant's (ETC) series on systems engineering of education is designed for readers who have completed others in the series. It reviews arithmetic and algebraic procedures and applies these to simple education and training systems. Flowchart models of example problems are developed and…

A simulation model of a suburban school district is synthesized by incorporating the results of multiple regression analysis within an Industrial Dynamics framework. The intermediate empirical analysis is described and results of the validation procedure for the final simulation model presented. Three computer experiments with the system model are…

Reported is one of a series of research and development efforts at the University of Virginia sponsored by the U.S. Office of Environmental Education. These projects are intended to produce approaches, methods, and basic resources needed to improve local capabilities in environmental education program design and implementation. Presented in this…

This ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) monograph updates and expands upon earlier ERIC publications on the topic of instructional development (ID) models. This monograph presents a brief history of ID models, describes a taxonomy for classifying them, provides examples from each of the categories in the taxonomy, and describes trends…

This study evaluates a project proposal prepared by a California school district. Using simple arithmetic and algebraic methods, the evaluators determined that the proposed individualized instruction system would be unsuccessful. A flowchart developed from the proposal visually depicts the weaknesses in the proposal for which appropriate…

The conceptual unification experiential (CUE) model was developed to provide a mechanism for flexible and adaptive development of instructional content for use in a large computer-based instructional system. The purpose of the CUE model is to provide subject matter experts with a framework by which they can create instructional contexts that…

The paper describes progress in the development of the Advanced Instructional System's Instructional Strategy Subsystem. Described are procedures for developing the Student Evaluation Component (which includes selection and validation of preassessment and within-course measures necessary for the development of a Student Data Profile) and the…

Using effectivemess, efficiency, self-sustenance, and communicability as criteria, a conceptual model, called SCRAPE, was developed at the University of Texas to systematically describe educational behaviors. The key elements of the system are: (1) diagnosis and prescription, (2) instructional events, (3) achievement evaluation, and (4) consequent…

The Engineering Technologies Division of the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) in Canada has developed a systems approach to program review called Competency Profile Development (CPD). This approach utilizes a combination of organizational communication, project management, management-by-objectives, a modified Developing A Curriculum…

The professional development process can be organized as a continuous, multifaceted, proactive, and integrated system that is futures-oriented and focused on adaptation as an essential organizational function. A systems model employing a university professional school as an example is presented. It focuses on professional schools because they lend…

System analysis offers the teacher a significant organizational device for studying society and social problems in the classroom. System analysis can be used directly to describe and understand the relationships and interactions between individuals, bridging the distance between learning conceptually and learning directly from personal experience.…

The Canadore College Continuing Education Division model for innovative individualized and personalized programs contains several subsystems: analysis of current continuing education, identification of criteria, evaluation of the old model, design of the new model, simulations, evaluation of the new model, and implementation of the new model. The…