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Bryan, Victoria M.; Mayer, John D. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) or three-stratum model of intelligence envisions human intelligence as a hierarchy. General intelligence (g) is situated at the top, under which are a group of broad intelligences such as verbal, visuospatial processing, and quantitative knowledge that pertain to more specific areas of reasoning. Some broad…
Descriptors: Culture Fair Tests, Intelligence Tests, Intelligence, Models
vanMarle, Kristy; Chu, Felicia W.; Mou, Yi; Seok, Jin H.; Rouder, Jeffrey; Geary, David C. – Developmental Science, 2018
Children's understanding of the quantities represented by number words (i.e., cardinality) is a surprisingly protracted but foundational step in their learning of formal mathematics. The development of cardinal knowledge is related to one or two core, inherent systems--the approximate number system (ANS) and the object tracking system (OTS)--but…
Descriptors: Number Systems, Cognitive Mapping, Longitudinal Studies, Preschool Children
Lee, Hae Yeon; Jamieson, Jeremy P.; Miu, Adriana S.; Josephs, Robert A.; Yeager, David S. – Child Development, 2019
Grades often decline during the high school transition, creating stress. The present research integrates the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat with the implicit theories model to understand who shows maladaptive stress responses. A diary study measured declines in grades in the first few months of high school: salivary cortisol…
Descriptors: Prediction, High School Students, Student Adjustment, Stress Variables
Huang, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Jie; Hudson, Laura – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2019
This study tested a proposed model consisting of mathematics anxiety, mathematics self-efficacy, and implicit theories of intelligence in predicting mathematics and science career interest in middle school students, while controlling for student math level. One hundred fifty-two seventh-grade students in a middle school in the USA participated in…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Mathematics Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Gender Differences
Jarosz, Andrew F.; Wiley, Jennifer – Intelligence, 2012
Current theories concerning individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) suggest that WMC reflects the ability to control the focus of attention and resist interference and distraction. The current set of experiments tested whether susceptibility to distraction is partially responsible for the established relationship between…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Correlation, Task Analysis
Sternberg, Robert J.; Bonney, Christina R.; Gabora, Liane; Merrifield, Maegan – Educational Psychologist, 2012
This article outlines shortcomings of currently used university admissions tests and discusses ways in which they could potentially be improved, summarizing two projects designed to enhance college and university admissions. The projects were inspired by the augmented theory of successful intelligence, according to which successful intelligence…
Descriptors: Intelligence, College Students, Grade Point Average, Prediction
van Ravenzwaaij, Don; Brown, Scott; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan – Cognition, 2011
Research in the field of mental chronometry and individual differences has revealed several robust regularities (Jensen, 2006). These include right-skewed response time (RT) distributions, the worst performance rule, correlations with general intelligence ("g") that are more pronounced for RT standard deviations (RTSD) than they are for RT means…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Reaction Time, Individual Differences, Information Processing
Murray, Catherine; Pattie, Alison; Starr, John M.; Deary, Ian J. – Intelligence, 2012
To test whether cognitive ability predicts survival from age 79 to 89 years data were collected from 543 (230 male) participants who entered the study at a mean age of 79.1 years. Most had taken the Moray House Test of general intelligence (MHT) when aged 11 and 79 years from which, in addition to intelligence measures at these two time points,…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Health Conditions, Older Adults, Memory
Dodonov, Yury S.; Dodonova, Yulia A. – Intelligence, 2012
In the present study, speeded tasks with differing assumed difficulties of the trials are regarded as a special class of simple cognitive tasks. Exploratory latent growth modeling with data-driven shape of a growth curve and nonlinear structured latent curve modeling with predetermined monotonically increasing functions were used to analyze…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intervals, Reaction Time, Cognitive Ability
Vock, Miriam; Koller, Olaf; Nagy, Gabriel – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
Background: Vocational interests play a central role in the vocational decision-making process and are decisive for the later job satisfaction and vocational success. Based on Ackerman's (1996) notion of "trait complexes," specific interest profiles of gifted high-school graduates can be expected. Aims: Vocational interests of gifted and…
Descriptors: Vocational Interests, Gifted, Profiles, High School Graduates
Potharst, Eva S.; Houtzager, Bregje A.; van Sonderen, Loekie; Tamminga, Pieter; Kok, Joke H.; Last, Bob F.; van Wassenaer, Aleid G. – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2012
Aim: This study investigated prediction of separate cognitive abilities at the age of 5 years by cognitive development at the ages of both 2 and 3 years, and the agreement between these measurements, in very preterm children. Methods: Preterm children (n=102; 44 males; 58 females) with a gestational age less than 30 weeks and/or birthweight less…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Prediction, Premature Infants, Measures (Individuals)
Nallure Balasubramanian, Vineeth – ProQuest LLC, 2010
The fields of pattern recognition and machine learning are on a fundamental quest to design systems that can learn the way humans do. One important aspect of human intelligence that has so far not been given sufficient attention is the capability of humans to express when they are certain about a decision, or when they are not. Machine learning…
Descriptors: World Problems, Intelligence, Lifelong Learning, Prediction
Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr. – Intelligence, 2007
Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal-Perceptual-Rotation (VPR)…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Ability, Visual Perception, Verbal Ability

Sternberg, Robert J.; Kalmar, David A. – Intelligence, 1998
The mental processes underlying everyday predictive and postdictive judgments about objects undergoing change or no change were studied with 40 adults. Results supported a single information processing model for describing performance on both prediction and postdiction problems. The implications of the study of everyday inductive reasoning are…
Descriptors: Adults, Change, Cognitive Processes, Induction
Detterman, Douglas K.; And Others – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1992
A modal model of information processing was defined, and nine tasks that could be completed by persons with mental retardation were developed to operationalize the model. Results showed that individual differences in higher mental processes are highly dependent on basic cognitive abilities and can be predicted from them. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests, Individual Differences, Intelligence
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