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Julius Meier; Peter Hesse; Stephan Abele; Alexander Renkl; Inga Glogger-Frey – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2024
Self-explanation prompts in example-based learning are usually directed backwards: Learners are required to self-explain problem-solving steps just presented ("retrospective" prompts). However, it might also help to self-explain upcoming steps ("anticipatory" prompts). The effects of the prompt type may differ for learners with…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Problem Solving, Prompting, Models
Wouters, Pieter; Paas, Fred; van Merrienboer, Jeroen J. G. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2010
Animated models explicating how a problem is solved and why a particular method is chosen are expected to be effective learning tools for novices, especially when abstract cognitive processes or concepts are involved. Cognitive load theory was used to investigate how learners could be stimulated to engage in genuine learning activities. It was…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Cognitive Processes, Teaching Methods, Difficulty Level
Rummel, Nikol; Spada, Hans; Hauser, Sabine – International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2009
In an earlier study, we had tested if observing a collaboration model, or alternatively, following a collaboration script could improve students' subsequent collaboration in a computer-mediated setting and promote their knowledge of good collaboration. Both model and script showed positive effects. The current study was designed to further probe…
Descriptors: Scripts, Cooperation, Models, Evaluation Methods
Horner, Sherri L. – Reading Psychology an international quarterly, 2004
This study investigated the effects of observational learning on preschoolers' use of a questioning technique, attention to print, and knowledge of the alphabet. Preschoolers who observed a model ask questions asked more questions during a shared book episode than did children who did not observe a model ask questions. Children who observed a…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Learning Strategies, Prereading Experience, Alphabets

McKendree, J.; Stenning, K.; Mayes, T.; Lee, J.; Cox, R. – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 1998
Describes the Vicarious Learner Project, a project which investigates the fundamental role of dialog for learning, specifically the benefits to learners of being able to observe others participating in discussion. Theoretical aspects of the work, a high-level process model of learning, and a more detailed logic model of what happens in educational…
Descriptors: Cooperative Learning, Dialogs (Language), Discovery Learning, Educational Technology

Delzell, Judith K. – Journal of Research in Music Education, 1989
Studies the impact that musical discrimination training which incorporates models and discriminator foils, as well as modeling and imitation, has on beginning instrumental music classes. Shows that musical discrimination can be developed using these methods. Recommends further study to find effects of discrimination training on instrumental music…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Educational Research, Elementary Education, Grade 5