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Ting Ye; Ted Westling; Lindsay Page; Luke Keele – Grantee Submission, 2024
The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Identification, Causal Models, Multivariate Analysis
Monroe, Scott; Cai, Li – National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST), 2013
In Ramsay curve item response theory (RC-IRT, Woods & Thissen, 2006) modeling, the shape of the latent trait distribution is estimated simultaneously with the item parameters. In its original implementation, RC-IRT is estimated via Bock and Aitkin's (1981) EM algorithm, which yields maximum marginal likelihood estimates. This method, however,…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Statistical Inference, Models
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Rupp, Andre A. – International Journal of Testing, 2002
Presents an overview of a wide range of measurement models currently available to the analyst who needs to make accurate and valid inferences about respondents and stimuli from data. Reviews models with and without predictor variables or observed and latent predictors, as well as parametric and nonparametric models, and models for order-restricted…
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Models, Nonparametric Statistics, Predictor Variables