This article provides a meta-analysis of studies using the crosswise model (CM) in estimating the prevalence of sensitive characteristics in different samples and populations. On a data set of 141 items published in 33 either articles or books, we compare the difference ([delta]) between estimates based on the CM and a direct question (DQ). The…

Background: Clinical heterogeneity of autism likely hinders efforts to find genes associated with this complex psychiatric disorder. Some studies have produced promising results by restricting the sample according to the expression of specific familial factors or components of autism. Previous factor analyses of the restricted, repetitive…

Comments on the article by D. Nettle, who has clearly shown that evolutionary psychologists need to focus more attention on individual differences, not just species-typical universals. Such differences are not mere "noise," and evolutionary theory will gain by understanding how they are produced and maintained. However, by focusing on personality…

Specifies parameters of adolescent girls in distress in terms of behavioral and personality features. Discusses main characteristics of adolescents, females, and those in social distress. Develops an integrative theoretical model that illustrates uniqueness of this group and its problems. Concludes that needs of this group require establishment of…

Examined kinds of power strategies used by masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated people in their intimate relationships. Androgynous people reported using primarily bilateral strategies, such as persuasion. Undifferentiated people reported using primarily unilateral strategies, such as doing what they wanted, regardless of their…

The contributions of specific scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) to the classification of 180 adolescent substance abusers into groups characterized by aspects of behavioral control were studied. Seven scales made significant contributions to the classification of substance abusers into three groups, with…

The paper presents a conceptual model depicting proposed antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior, and applies the model to a case example of a company called Q.M.S. The model encompasses: personality characteristics, values, and behavioral orientations of the individual; organizational environment/structure; entrepreneurial role models; and the…

Used classification scheme developed by Marlatt and Gordon (1980) to categorize the highly tempting situations of 596 participants in smoking cessation programs. Relapsers had significantly more situations characterized by withdrawal symptoms and negative affect and fewer situations involving cigarette cues than did temporary lapsers and…

In a longitudinal investigation, a model was developed to assess behavioral, social, and cognitive influences on the academic self-concept of 104 adolescents (57 males, 47 females) who participated in the Fullerton Longitudinal Study between 18 months and 17 years of age. The basic model was Academic Self-Concept = Constant + Behavior + Social +…

Presents the complex factors, i.e., social determinants, drug types, personality characteristics, reasons for drug use and misuse, which characterize the drug experience. Defines awareness of these characteristics as a developmental approach to treatment and prevention of addiction. (RC)

Current conceptions of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) are unable to account for recent research which suggests many of the characteristics used to describe ACOAs are not valid. These conceptions also fail to explain the documented heterogeneity among ACOAs with regard to life and therapeutic outcomes. In this paper, an alternative model of…

This book presents a crisis management model that effectively bridges the areas of substance abuse and crisis intervention. A crisis alternatives model which can be incorporated into drug counseling programs is discussed, along with a four-step crisis intervention plan for use by crisis workers that includes: (1) establishing rapport; (2)…

Reviews results of research related to the control system model of how parents and children regulate each other's behavior. Confirmed early formulations that postulated individual differences in children's assertiveness, activity, and person orientation as explanations for differences in parents' child-rearing techniques. (HOD)

Restructuring requires that educational leaders have new frameworks for interpreting participant behaviors. Paulo Freire has defined characteristics of people moving toward higher thinking levels and decision-making ability. Combining Freire's thoughts with restructuring provides a conceptual model allowing leaders to interpret the organizational…

Research on trait descriptions of interpersonal behavior tends to converge on a two-dimensional representation in which descriptive variables are arrayed in a circular fashion around the major axes of affiliation and dominance. Wiggins' self-report adjective checklist (1979) reflects this theoretical ordering. To explore the utility of Wiggins'…